Table 16
Birth Defect Prevalence Rates by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and Birth Year,
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2005-2019,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth

Birth Defects

Diagnostic Grouping2005
to
2019		20052006200720082009201020112012201320142015
to
2019		20152016201720182019
A Central Nervous System (All) 47.7 44.4 46.0 41.9 42.3 39.4 39.1 40.3 42.9 47.3 54.7 55.8 55.7 68.6 48.5 49.4 56.6
  A01 Anencephalus 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.6 1.5 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.8
  A02 Spina Bifida w/o Anencephaly 4.4 5.3 5.6 5.0 5.6 3.5 5.0 4.4 4.5 3.6 4.1 3.9 4.1 3.5 4.5 3.2 4.1
  A03 Hydrocephalus w/o Spina Bifida 8.7 11.3 10.7 11.3 10.6 9.7 8.6 8.2 7.9 7.2 7.5 7.2 7.0 9.9 5.6 6.1 7.3
  A04 Encephalocele 1.1 1.7 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.8 1.3 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.8 1.3 0.5 1.0 0.8
  A05 Microcephalus 13.2 10.7 11.7 11.4 8.3 9.2 10.5 10.8 9.7 14.5 16.3 17.3 15.7 19.6 12.8 18.5 20.2
  A06 Holoprosencephaly --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 0.8 * 0.6 *
  A99 Other CNS Anomalies 26.1 20.2 22.2 19.7 20.9 19.6 18.2 19.7 25.0 23.0 30.6 35.1 37.1 47.8 31.1 27.1 32.0
B Eye (All) 32.9 29.9 25.5 25.6 27.3 25.9 25.6 29.5 28.5 41.1 45.4 38.6 41.1 35.5 27.9 41.9 46.9
  B01 Anopthalmos
/Micropthalmos 		1.6 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.2 2.0 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.2
  B02 Congenital Cataract 2.1 3.0 1.7 2.2 2.6 1.4 2.6 2.7 1.7 2.0 1.2 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.4 1.5 2.2
  B03 Aniridia 0.3 0.5 * * * - * * * * 0.5 0.3 * * * * 0.7
  B99 Other Eye Anomalies 30.8 27.2 23.9 22.9 24.8 24.5 23.1 27.1 27.1 39.0 43.7 36.3 38.7 32.8 25.5 40.4 44.6
C Ear, Face and Neck (All) 26.7 20.9 16.2 15.2 18.1 14.7 15.9 17.1 17.6 21.2 29.5 44.1 36.8 47.3 39.4 48.5 48.9
  C01 Anotia/Microtia 1.8 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.7 2.1 1.7 1.2 1.0 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.2 2.9 2.3
  C99 Other Ear, Face &
Neck Anomalies 		26.2 20.6 16.1 14.7 17.6 14.3 15.4 16.6 17.0 21.0 29.4 43.4 36.0 46.8 39.1 47.3 48.1
D Heart & Circulatory System (All) 212.8 220.3 225.9 202.1 205.5 177.0 173.8 183.6 200.5 197.3 241.1 233.6 200.8 244.2 216.2 233.1 275.6
  D01 Common Truncus 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.8 0.6 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.0 0.7 1.4 0.8
  D02 Transposition of Great
Vessels 		4.0 5.3 4.4 3.3 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.0 4.5 4.0 4.7 3.6 4.3 4.2 3.5 2.8 3.3
  D03 Tetralogy of Fallot 5.5 5.6 6.0 5.0 6.8 4.2 6.3 6.5 5.7 5.8 5.2 5.0 5.4 6.0 3.9 5.5 4.0
  D04 Ventricular Septal Defect 46.4 47.3 45.6 42.8 46.1 36.1 38.8 40.7 48.1 41.5 53.5 51.5 46.6 52.9 46.0 54.2 58.0
  D05 Atrial Septal Defect 118.8 98.9 102.9 87.1 98.0 87.3 84.4 103.6 117.2 109.5 153.0 150.6 122.9 160.3 142.0 146.5 182.9
  D06 Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Endocardial Cushion Defect) 5.5 5.6 6.4 5.2 5.8 4.8 5.5 6.2 6.3 5.5 5.7 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.8 4.8 4.7
  D07 Pulmonary Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		10.9 14.2 13.5 12.0 11.5 8.2 11.2 9.9 11.3 8.5 10.8 10.4 10.2 11.1 11.1 8.7 10.9
  D08 Tricuspid Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		1.3 1.8 0.9 1.5 1.8 0.9 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.1 0.9 1.4
  D09 Ebstein's Anomaly 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 * * *
  D10 Aortic Valve Stenosis 2.3 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.3 1.8 1.8 2.5 2.6 1.9 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.9 2.1 1.6 1.9
  D11 Hypoplastic Left Heart
Syndrome 		4.2 5.1 3.9 4.4 4.0 4.8 3.3 3.9 5.5 4.7 4.5 3.7 3.7 3.9 2.8 3.4 4.5
  D12 Patent Ductus Arteriosis 71.0 77.1 77.5 65.9 69.2 53.9 52.9 64.5 65.3 52.4 86.9 80.0 68.2 90.3 76.6 73.2 92.2
  D13 Coarctation of Aorta 7.2 6.3 7.5 7.0 7.3 4.8 5.8 6.6 8.5 8.0 8.7 7.6 6.9 8.8 7.9 7.5 6.9
  D14 Pulmonary Artery Anomalies 17.2 24.0 24.8 20.7 21.4 19.9 18.0 11.3 4.1 3.8 5.7 20.4 12.8 19.8 15.2 25.6 29.4
  D15 Interrupted Aortic Arch 0.7 0.5 1.0 * 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.3 0.6 0.6 0.5 * * * 0.9 0.8
  D16 Total Anomalous Pulmonary
Venous Return (or connection) 		1.3 1.9 1.7 0.6 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.0 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 0.7 0.8
  D17 Double Outlet Right Ventricle 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 3.4 2.2 2.9 2.4 3.0 2.7 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.4
  D18 Common Ventricel 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.5 2.1 1.2 2.6 1.2 2.6 1.6 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.6 2.2 2.2
  D99 Other Heart &
Circulatory System
Anomalies 		77.2 81.0 93.5 80.2 77.6 67.8 66.9 62.2 71.0 71.1 87.0 79.6 74.6 75.3 68.0 85.4 95.7
E Respiratory System (All) 55.6 59.4 83.2 70.5 41.0 34.9 41.8 42.5 52.4 50.4 63.4 58.3 57.0 59.5 49.8 62.8 62.6
  E01 Lung Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		6.7 7.6 6.2 5.1 6.3 7.5 9.7 6.6 5.8 5.4 9.6 6.0 5.4 7.7 4.3 5.5 7.4
  E02 Choanal Atresia 1.8 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.3 2.7 2.0 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.1 1.7 2.1
  E99 Other Respiratory
System Anomalies 		49.2 51.8 77.4 65.5 35.3 26.9 32.3 35.8 46.6 44.7 54.6 52.7 52.1 52.5 46.2 57.0 55.9
F Cleft Palate & Cleft Lip 16.6 16.3 18.1 16.6 15.5 18.5 15.0 15.4 15.3 16.1 17.8 17.0 20.0 15.3 15.9 18.5 15.1
  F01 Cleft Palate 10.0 10.1 10.7 10.6 9.9 11.5 9.1 8.4 9.7 11.0 11.4 9.3 11.3 8.3 7.9 9.8 9.3
  F02 Cleft Lip w & w/o Cleft Palate 9.6 9.0 10.2 8.8 8.3 10.1 9.8 9.9 9.8 8.3 10.3 10.0 11.3 8.7 8.1 12.2 9.7
G Upper Alimentary Caanal/
Digestive System (All) 		51.5 54.1 64.6 58.0 57.3 53.1 46.1 46.2 49.3 49.5 51.8 47.8 42.5 54.7 43.3 45.5 52.9
  G01 Esophageal Atresia/
Tracheoesophageal Fistula 		2.4 3.4 2.8 3.2 2.4 1.2 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.8 2.5 2.1 1.9 1.7 2.4 1.9 2.7
  G02 Rectal & Large Intestinal
Atresia/Stenosis 		4.6 4.9 6.0 4.4 4.5 4.0 5.2 5.2 4.5 6.0 4.6 3.9 3.6 4.6 3.6 3.0 4.6
  G03 Pyloric Stenosis 16.1 15.5 18.6 16.8 19.9 18.7 13.8 13.8 15.9 12.0 16.4 15.9 15.1 19.5 15.4 13.8 15.5
  G04 Hirshsprung's Disease
(congenital megacolon) 		4.0 2.9 3.0 2.7 3.0 2.1 4.3 3.9 3.3 3.4 3.2 5.9 4.6 6.8 5.4 5.6 7.1
  G05 Biliary Atresia 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.1 0.7 1.5 1.2 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.3
  G99 Other Upper
Alimentary Canal
/Digestive System Anomalies 		27.8 30.8 36.7 33.2 30.2 28.8 23.0 24.3 27.2 29.0 30.0 24.3 21.3 25.4 20.2 25.5 29.3
H Genital & Urinary Systems 152.7 159.5 160.1 146.8 128.1 107.4 107.9 141.3 146.9 161.2 187.8 169.6 158.4 172.0 150.6 172.0 196.3
  H01 Renal Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		6.1 5.7 5.0 6.6 7.0 4.5 5.1 4.9 5.6 7.6 7.9 6.4 5.0 7.0 5.3 6.1 8.5
  H02 Bladder Exstrophy &
Cloacal Exstrophy 		0.2 0.5 * * * * * * - * * 0.3 * * * * *
  H03 Obstructive Genitourinary
Defects 		31.1 26.2 24.4 23.5 23.4 17.8 18.0 24.4 28.4 26.7 39.0 44.0 37.4 43.1 40.5 48.0 51.4
  H04 Hypospadias 34.8 37.2 26.0 29.3 35.6 29.6 32.0 39.0 31.9 35.2 42.3 37.0 35.9 40.5 32.9 38.0 37.6
  H05 Epispadias 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.9 * * 0.9 1.2 0.7 1.5 0.9 1.7 1.0 1.3 2.4
  H99 Other Genital
& Urinary System
Anomalies 		102.3 113.8 123.0 108.6 81.2 70.8 70.2 93.5 103.9 112.3 126.9 105.6 101.1 107.6 92.8 104.3 122.9
I Musculoskeletal System (All) 195.9 182.6 198.5 189.6 143.5 124.3 159.2 175.4 217.1 236.3 257.9 212.8 198.1 211.8 172.4 246.7 236.8
  I01 Upper Limb Reduction
Deformities 		2.5 2.2 2.2 3.1 3.2 2.5 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.0 1.7 2.9 2.0 2.0 1.4
  I02 Lower Limb Reduction
Deformities 		2.3 2.9 2.8 2.0 1.8 2.8 1.9 2.8 3.0 2.1 2.7 1.8 1.2 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.8
  I03a Exomphalos/
Omphalocele 		--- --- --- --- --- --- 2.0 1.9 2.4 1.4 1.3 4.1 1.9 2.8 4.2 7.6 4.1
  I03b Gastroschisis --- --- --- --- --- --- 5.6 4.9 3.9 3.6 4.7 4.0 3.7 5.0 3.3 4.9 3.2
  I03c Prune Belly Syndrome,
Congenital Hernia of Bladder 		3.9 6.5 7.5 6.9 6.0 5.1 2.7 1.8 2.7 4.4 3.0 2.2 1.1 2.1 2.5 2.2 3.4
  I04 Congenital Hip Dislocation 9.9 10.1 13.3 8.7 12.9 12.3 11.1 12.7 11.1 8.7 7.9 7.9 8.3 8.5 6.9 6.3 9.5
  I05 Diaphragmatic Hernia 3.2 2.9 4.1 3.4 3.2 3.9 3.6 3.5 2.3 2.5 4.2 3.0 3.0 3.7 2.3 2.8 3.2
  I99 Other Musculoskeletal
System 		180.0 167.5 180.6 175.6 128.1 107.6 141.1 157.5 200.5 221.6 242.0 197.4 186.7 196.1 156.9 227.7 220.8
J Integument (All) 107.6 49.9 101.1 40.4 112.9 103.9 77.3 95.3 73.3 142.4 198.7 127.0 118.3 121.8 95.9 103.5 197.7
K Chromosomal Anomalies 26.2 25.1 25.7 23.3 26.3 25.6 26.5 24.9 28.0 27.1 26.4 27.0 25.1 28.0 26.8 26.8 28.4
  K01 Trisomy 13 0.8 1.3 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 * *
  K02 Down Syndrome 13.0 14.0 14.5 11.9 13.3 12.2 15.4 12.5 13.9 12.6 12.7 12.4 11.0 12.1 14.6 11.9 12.3
  K03 Trisomy 18 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.9 1.6 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 2.2 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.9
  K04 Chromosome 22q11.2
Deletion Syndrome 		--- --- --- 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.5 1.2 0.5 1.5 0.7 1.6 1.5
  K05 Turner Syndrome 0.9 0.8 1.6 1.1 0.8 0.6 * * * 0.5 0.8 1.2 0.5 1.3 1.0 1.2 2.1
  K99 Other Chromosomal
Anomalies 		11.1 9.5 8.5 9.9 10.3 12.0 10.0 11.5 13.2 13.3 11.7 11.5 11.0 12.5 9.9 11.6 12.4
L Other and Unspecified
Birth Defects 		157.7 49.4 38.9 31.7 21.7 17.7 169.9 166.0 192.0 196.9 230.7 262.9 204.3 212.1 248.7 331.2 323.2
                                  

Table 16
Birth Defect Prevalence Rates by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and Birth Year,
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2005-2019,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
(Continued)

Other Reportable Conditions

Diagnostic Grouping2005
to
2019		20052006200720082009201020112012201320142015
to
2019		20152016201720182019
M Infectious Conditions
Occurring in the Perinatal
Period 		5.3 3.5 4.0 2.6 7.1 5.9 4.1 4.9 7.2 6.7 8.3 5.2 5.5 5.4 4.2 4.4 6.3
  M01 Syphilis 1.3 1.1 1.0 * 2.3 2.2 0.8 0.7 1.3 1.8 2.7 1.0 1.2 1.3 0.8 * 1.3
  M02 Other Infections 3.9 2.4 3.0 2.2 4.8 3.7 3.3 4.0 5.6 4.5 5.1 4.1 4.4 4.0 3.4 4.0 5.0
  M03 Zika Virus Disease 0.1 - - - - - - * * * 0.5 - - - - - -
N Familial/Congenital
Neoplasms 		1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 * 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.8 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.5
O Endocrine/Metabolic
Disorders 		62.0 45.6 47.9 40.4 50.3 40.7 49.9 49.5 66.8 68.5 81.1 79.7 74.1 89.0 70.6 76.2 88.6
P Diseases of the Blood
& Blood Forming Organs 		32.7 26.0 24.6 21.1 25.9 21.8 29.6 33.2 33.1 37.5 45.5 39.5 43.6 44.5 33.8 36.8 38.5
Q Other Diseases of the
Central and Peripheral
Nervous System 		37.0 34.4 34.7 31.7 31.6 30.1 29.7 37.5 37.6 37.9 47.9 40.7 40.6 44.5 31.1 46.3 41.3
R Other Diseases of the Eye 59.9 67.5 67.1 67.8 65.7 53.8 52.8 59.1 57.1 64.9 66.8 54.6 60.1 56.4 39.4 59.7 57.3
S Hearing Deficiency 69.7 44.6 42.4 37.4 43.5 39.2 54.0 86.4 90.1 98.1 105.3 83.6 71.6 111.3 82.4 86.5 65.6
T Other Diseases of the
Heart & Circulatory System 		42.5 34.4 40.9 37.2 40.3 36.3 37.8 38.6 53.8 47.7 49.7 44.7 44.3 47.7 40.0 45.4 46.4
U Other Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal System 		52.7 62.1 55.7 54.5 56.1 42.0 50.1 48.9 56.2 56.8 63.5 48.5 54.5 50.1 41.3 47.1 49.2
V Other Diseases of the
Genital and Urinary Systems 		12.0 4.9 4.7 3.2 3.1 4.5 5.1 5.5 6.0 7.9 11.2 25.9 15.4 22.5 23.2 32.5 36.6
X Other Musculoskeletal
System Diseases 		0.2 * * * * * * * * 0.5 * * * * - - -
Y Maternal Exposures
Affecting Fetus 		50.9 24.8 25.2 16.6 26.2 23.0 27.4 39.9 43.5 47.0 77.5 85.7 60.2 102.6 90.4 97.6 78.0
  Y01 Newborn Affected by
Maternal use of Alcohol 		1.2 1.6 1.6 1.1 * 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.0 1.8 1.0 1.8 2.0
  Y02 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 1.0 * 0.6 0.8
  Y99 Other Maternal Exposures
Affecting the Fetus 		49.9 23.3 23.7 15.9 25.9 22.5 26.6 38.6 42.8 46.0 76.3 84.6 59.7 101.1 89.4 96.2 76.3
One or More
Reportable Diagnosis 		 1,044.7 885.6 932.4 803.7 809.9 694.0 855.4 946.9 1,025.4 1,152.7 1,358.3 1,262.7 1,123.5 1,254.1 1,147.5 1,338.0 1,460.7
                                  

Notes:
Rates are per 10,000 Michigan Born Resident Live Births. Rates include all children reported with a birth defect who were born in Michigan and whose mother was a resident at the time of birth. This enables the calculation of birth defects prevalence rates. Birth defect statistics sometimes reflect trends related to data reporting or new testing. See Data Quality Considerations for further details.
*: A rate is not calculated when there are fewer than 6 events, because the width of the confidence interval would negate any usefulness for comparative purposes.
Conditions are reportable if identified within the first two years of a child's life. The prevalence frequencies used to calculate the rates in this table represent cases diagnosed within the first year of life.
Prior to October 2015, diagnoses were coded using the 9th revision to the International Classification of Diseases - ICD–9–CM.  (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–9–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) After October 2015, the Birth Defect registry coded diagnoses using ICD–10–CM. (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–10–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) Diagnostic Code Groupings used in analysis of birth defects are defined by the Centers for Disease Control.
Source: Michigan Birth Defects Registry, Division for Vital Records & Health Statistics, Michigan Department of Health & Human Services
Reports Processed through May 28, 2022

Last Updated on May 1, 2022