Table 20
Infant Deaths of Michigan Children with Reported Birth Defects
by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and Birth Year,
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2000-2019,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
Three-year Infant Mortality Totals

Birth Defects

  Diagnostic Grouping2000
to
2002		2001
to
2003		2002
to
2004		2003
to
2005		2004
to
2006		2005
to
2007		2006
to
2008		2007
to
2009		2008
to
2010		2009
to
2011		2010
to
2012		2011
to
2013		2012
to
2014		2013
to
2015		2014
to
2016		2015
to
2017		2016
to
2018		2017
to
2019
A Central Nervous System (All) 166 195 204 210 200 181 170 151 145 116 109 113 130 144 137 122 98 91
  A01 Anencephalus 42 36 47 43 41 30 34 35 37 31 28 34 34 33 25 21 19 20
  A02 Spina Bifida w/o Anencephaly 10 13 11 15 14 12 9 7 8 7 5 3 3 3 1 1 3 4
  A03 Hydrocephalus w/o Spina Bifida 51 63 59 65 64 57 49 43 41 30 27 28 32 34 35 37 29 25
  A04 Encephalocele 6 7 8 13 12 11 7 5 3 2 3 3 2 2 5 5 6 3
  A05 Microcephalus 23 33 37 31 29 31 28 25 20 21 16 14 17 26 33 29 26 24
  A06 Holoprosencephaly --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 7 6
  A99 Other CNS Anomalies 45 60 59 62 50 50 44 37 34 30 37 37 44 52 59 59 45 42
B Eye (All) 31 33 35 29 28 22 22 18 17 13 17 16 21 23 29 28 24 17
  B01 Anopthalmos
/Micropthalmos 		12 10 9 7 8 8 8 7 4 3 4 5 6 8 11 9 9 4
  B02 Congenital Cataract 4 6 4 4 3 5 5 4 3 2 3 2 1 - 3 5 6 3
  B03 Aniridia - - - 1 1 1 - - - - - 1 1 1 - 1 1 1
  B99 Other Eye Anomalies 18 20 24 22 23 15 15 11 12 8 11 9 15 16 19 16 12 11
C Ear, Face and Neck (All) 26 28 29 34 27 24 21 25 24 17 16 10 12 18 30 36 38 34
  C01 Anotia/Microtia 2 3 3 3 1 1 3 3 4 3 3 1 - 3 7 8 6 2
  C99 Other Ear, Face &
Neck Anomalies 		25 28 28 33 26 24 20 24 22 15 14 9 12 16 26 32 35 33
D Heart & Circulatory System (All) 567 618 600 607 546 525 521 521 487 408 376 398 436 434 419 382 339 312
  D01 Common Truncus 7 8 6 7 6 7 12 10 12 8 10 7 7 10 12 11 6 2
  D02 Transposition of Great
Vessels 		11 13 22 21 23 16 16 16 19 18 17 13 16 16 16 11 10 10
  D03 Tetralogy of Fallot 24 18 20 21 18 15 21 26 24 19 17 19 20 20 19 14 9 7
  D04 Ventricular Septal Defect 102 104 115 108 96 81 103 97 93 61 59 51 67 81 95 86 72 69
  D05 Atrial Septal Defect 153 185 184 192 169 178 202 204 186 145 140 145 179 199 223 211 188 169
  D06 Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Endocardial Cushion Defect) 25 28 30 38 32 30 26 29 25 20 14 15 21 27 29 33 28 24
  D07 Pulmonary Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		31 31 25 28 26 26 33 29 28 16 21 21 21 20 19 20 13 15
  D08 Tricuspid Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		11 7 5 3 3 4 9 8 7 4 3 4 3 6 6 7 6 8
  D09 Ebstein's Anomaly 21 13 8 3 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 4 2 2 1 1
  D10 Aortic Valve Stenosis 7 6 4 8 11 10 11 9 8 7 10 9 7 3 6 6 7 4
  D11 Hypoplastic Left Heart
Syndrome 		60 58 46 47 51 58 56 63 55 52 40 55 52 52 40 35 27 18
  D12 Patent Ductus Arteriosis 203 243 253 292 260 263 267 244 210 163 161 159 190 196 228 195 190 173
  D13 Coarctation of Aorta 23 24 30 33 40 42 38 29 20 24 25 26 30 29 31 22 23 27
  D14 Pulmonary Artery Anomalies 48 49 41 44 31 36 41 53 49 34 18 10 7 15 27 38 36 35
  D15 Interrupted Aortic Arch 14 13 15 8 9 5 9 10 10 8 5 5 4 3 2 1 1 1
  D16 Total Anomalous Pulmonary
Venous Return (or connection) 		10 9 7 6 7 8 10 10 10 6 7 9 9 7 6 10 9 6
  D17 Double Outlet Right Ventricle 19 17 14 12 14 21 20 16 14 12 13 7 9 13 17 17 13 12
  D18 Common Ventricel 8 14 12 9 6 6 14 13 14 7 6 7 5 5 5 7 5 3
  D99 Other Heart &
Circulatory System
Anomalies 		295 325 315 302 273 246 251 268 281 257 237 251 259 252 213 185 166 169
E Respiratory System (All) 211 224 242 240 219 200 174 139 122 105 110 107 137 138 141 103 82 74
  E01 Lung Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		134 137 142 149 121 104 80 67 71 67 70 62 88 90 96 62 53 46
  E02 Choanal Atresia 4 3 1 1 2 3 4 4 6 5 7 7 8 7 8 6 4 -
  E99 Other Respiratory
System Anomalies 		80 94 113 104 105 99 96 74 51 36 35 40 45 45 40 37 28 34
F Cleft Palate & Cleft Lip 34 46 55 51 46 39 38 39 32 28 23 22 22 22 29 29 31 24
  F01 Cleft Palate 15 20 23 18 14 13 15 20 17 13 7 5 8 10 13 11 7 5
  F02 Cleft Lip w & w/o Cleft Palate 13 18 26 27 28 23 18 14 10 13 16 16 14 10 16 16 21 15
G Upper Alimentary Caanal/
Digestive System (All) 		96 107 113 110 100 86 86 80 70 58 54 59 59 61 50 48 39 39
  G01 Esophageal Atresia/
Tracheoesophageal Fistula 		14 18 20 20 15 13 12 13 8 7 8 13 13 13 10 12 9 8
  G02 Rectal & Large Intestinal
Atresia/Stenosis 		9 12 18 22 21 15 12 10 8 7 11 14 16 13 10 7 7 7
  G03 Pyloric Stenosis 8 6 5 5 3 2 1 - 1 1 2 1 1 - 1 1 1 -
  G04 Hirshsprung's Disease
(congenital megacolon) 		6 6 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 4 3 2 2 5 6 8
  G05 Biliary Atresia 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 5 4 3 - 2 2 3 2 3 3 3
  G99 Other Upper
Alimentary Canal
/Digestive System Anomalies 		66 75 83 79 73 61 64 58 56 44 37 33 35 41 33 27 18 20
H Genital & Urinary Systems 175 201 211 197 165 156 164 174 152 130 111 113 124 130 134 110 95 89
  H01 Renal Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		47 51 55 47 35 38 44 50 42 31 28 29 33 28 25 19 16 17
  H02 Bladder Exstrophy &
Cloacal Exstrophy 		- - - 2 2 2 - 1 2 2 1 - - - - - - -
  H03 Obstructive Genitourinary
Defects 		26 34 45 43 36 30 33 37 34 27 21 24 27 34 40 40 34 27
  H04 Hypospadias 21 22 24 23 20 17 17 18 12 7 7 6 12 15 17 13 10 11
  H05 Epispadias - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1
  H99 Other Genital
& Urinary System
Anomalies 		118 135 139 129 112 105 104 105 90 85 73 69 74 84 91 74 59 50
I Musculoskeletal System (All) 192 204 212 228 208 191 174 155 151 130 132 124 146 154 170 157 133 108
  I01 Upper Limb Reduction
Deformities 		5 6 8 9 9 6 7 4 4 5 6 5 2 2 6 6 5 1
  I02 Lower Limb Reduction
Deformities 		4 3 5 5 7 4 2 2 2 3 4 6 7 5 5 4 4 3
  I03a Exomphalos/
Omphalocele 		--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 14 12 13 7 13 12 14 6
  I03b Gastroschisis --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 10 7 9 11 13 7 7 6
  I03c Prune Belly Syndrome,
Congenital Hernia of Bladder 		17 24 22 30 26 28 22 21 19 17 15 14 14 9 5 1 1 -
  I04 Congenital Hip Dislocation 5 3 2 3 3 3 1 1 2 2 2 - 1 4 5 8 6 6
  I05 Diaphragmatic Hernia 34 41 41 39 29 28 30 31 31 28 29 32 39 40 41 31 20 14
  I99 Other Musculoskeletal
System 		142 143 159 167 161 141 127 110 102 83 77 71 84 100 113 119 105 91
J Integument (All) 20 20 16 15 19 18 17 16 17 17 12 16 20 30 34 33 27 22
K Chromosomal Anomalies 146 151 153 167 135 118 108 118 116 103 92 99 107 117 112 100 77 65
  K01 Trisomy 13 27 25 28 34 27 22 17 19 18 18 21 24 25 20 17 15 14 13
  K02 Down Syndrome 47 49 45 46 35 31 32 36 32 22 14 21 28 33 26 22 19 17
  K03 Trisomy 18 37 45 39 40 35 32 36 36 36 34 29 31 28 39 37 33 17 12
  K04 Chromosome 22q11.2
Deletion Syndrome 		--- --- --- --- --- --- --- 2 2 - 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 -
  K05 Turner Syndrome 1 - 1 2 3 2 1 - - - - - - - 1 2 2 2
  K99 Other Chromosomal
Anomalies 		48 53 57 64 44 41 25 32 36 45 43 41 37 34 33 29 26 23
L Other and Unspecified
Birth Defects 		185 202 221 206 175 136 126 105 141 195 280 323 322 268 201 207 244 255
                                    

Table 20
Infant Deaths of Michigan Children with Reported Birth Defects
by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and Birth Year,
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2000-2019,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
Three-year Infant Mortality Totals
(Continued)

Other Reportable Conditions

  Diagnostic Grouping2000
to
2002		2001
to
2003		2002
to
2004		2003
to
2005		2004
to
2006		2005
to
2007		2006
to
2008		2007
to
2009		2008
to
2010		2009
to
2011		2010
to
2012		2011
to
2013		2012
to
2014		2013
to
2015		2014
to
2016		2015
to
2017		2016
to
2018		2017
to
2019
M Infectious Conditions
Occurring in the Perinatal
Period 		20 24 25 17 13 11 11 16 15 16 10 12 14 12 14 8 7 8
  M01 Syphilis 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 - - - - - - - -
  M02 Other Infections 19 22 23 15 12 10 10 14 13 15 10 12 14 12 14 8 7 8
  M03 Zika Virus Disease - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
N Familial/Congenital
Neoplasms 		2 1 - - - 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - -
O Endocrine/Metabolic
Disorders 		82 86 78 65 67 59 68 58 66 63 79 85 116 118 132 113 87 64
P Diseases of the Blood
& Blood Forming Organs 		45 42 37 46 52 53 49 48 59 57 52 50 61 64 60 55 49 52
Q Other Diseases of the
Central and Peripheral
Nervous System 		31 31 28 30 30 37 32 31 24 24 24 28 29 36 41 49 40 31
R Other Diseases of the Eye 66 73 68 68 60 58 64 55 38 16 14 17 19 20 15 13 8 8
S Hearing Deficiency 14 23 24 23 15 14 13 13 11 10 9 8 13 18 19 18 13 14
T Other Diseases of the
Heart & Circulatory System 		119 99 102 97 109 113 112 103 87 85 84 98 105 101 93 77 65 62
U Other Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal System 		92 105 99 92 80 74 77 84 95 81 68 70 81 88 80 68 55 53
V Other Diseases of the
Genital and Urinary Systems 		1 2 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 10 10 6
X Other Musculoskeletal
System Diseases 		- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Y Maternal Exposures
Affecting Fetus 		33 30 25 23 26 23 30 24 26 23 28 37 40 36 34 32 34 36
  Y01 Newborn Affected by
Maternal use of Alcohol 		1 2 3 2 1 - - - - - - 1 1 2 1 1 - -
  Y02 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 1 -
  Y99 Other Maternal Exposures
Affecting the Fetus 		32 28 22 21 25 23 30 24 26 23 28 36 39 35 33 31 33 36
One or More
Reportable Diagnosis 		 1,253 1,289 1,267 1,267 1,188 1,109 1,054 1,022 978 895 844 913 972 963 872 795 746 739
                                    

Notes:
Frequencies include all children reported with a birth defect who were born in Michigan and whose mother was a resident at the time of birth. This enables the calculation of birth defects prevalence rates. Birth defect statistics sometimes reflect trends related to data reporting or new testing. See Data Quality Considerations for further details.
Columns do not add to diagnostic group totals nor column totals due to cases with multiple diagnosed conditions that cross diagnostic groupings.
Conditions are reportable if identified within the first two years of a child's life. The prevalence frequencies in this table represent cases diagnosed within the first year of life.
Prior to October 2015, diagnoses were coded using the 9th revision to the International Classification of Diseases - ICD–9–CM.  (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–9–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) After October 2015, the Birth Defect registry coded diagnoses using ICD–10–CM. (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–10–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) Diagnostic Code Groupings used in analysis of birth defects are defined by the Centers for Disease Control.
Source: Michigan Birth Defects Registry, Division for Vital Records & Health Statistics, Michigan Department of Health & Human Services
Reports Processed through May 28, 2022

Last Updated on May 1, 2022