Table 11
Birth Defect Numbers & Prevalence Rates by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and
Age of Mother
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2014 - 2019,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
Six-year Birth Defect Totals & Birth Defect Prevalence Rates

Birth Defects

  Diagnostic Grouping Number by Age Prevalence Rate by Age
Total 15‑19 20‑24 25‑29 30‑34 35 & Over Total 15‑19 20‑24 25‑29 30‑34 35 & Over
A Central Nervous System (All) 3,686 261 835 1,065 954 568 55.6 76.9 59.4 51.1 52.0 59.3
  A01 Anencephalus 50 4 13 16 10 7 0.8 * 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.7
  A02 Spina Bifida w/o Anencephaly 260 19 57 79 51 54 3.9 5.6 4.1 3.8 2.8 5.6
  A03 Hydrocephalus w/o Spina Bifida 481 38 121 129 120 72 7.3 11.2 8.6 6.2 6.5 7.5
  A04 Encephalocele 70 4 15 21 19 11 1.1 * 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1
  A05 Microcephalus 1,138 97 280 338 266 155 17.2 28.6 19.9 16.2 14.5 16.2
  A06 Holoprosencephaly --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
  A99 Other CNS Anomalies 2,276 140 486 653 632 364 34.3 41.2 34.6 31.4 34.4 38.0
B Eye (All) 2,635 128 500 732 800 475 39.8 37.7 35.6 35.2 43.6 49.6
  B01 Anopthalmos
/Micropthalmos 		93 10 14 22 29 18 1.4 2.9 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.9
  B02 Congenital Cataract 127 9 24 36 37 21 1.9 2.7 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.2
  B03 Aniridia 23 - 7 3 8 5 0.3 - 0.5 * 0.4 *
  B99 Other Eye Anomalies 2,492 120 473 690 762 447 37.6 35.3 33.6 33.1 41.5 46.6
C Ear, Face and Neck (All) 2,758 138 557 819 762 481 41.6 40.6 39.6 39.3 41.5 50.2
  C01 Anotia/Microtia 146 4 34 44 38 26 2.2 * 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.7
  C99 Other Ear, Face &
Neck Anomalies 		2,717 136 549 803 751 477 41.0 40.1 39.0 38.6 40.9 49.8
D Heart & Circulatory System (All) 15,566 910 3,331 4,633 4,044 2,645 234.9 268.0 236.9 222.5 220.3 276.0
  D01 Common Truncus 74 7 14 22 20 11 1.1 2.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1
  D02 Transposition of Great
Vessels 		252 12 54 73 78 35 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.5 4.2 3.7
  D03 Tetralogy of Fallot 332 21 67 110 85 49 5.0 6.2 4.8 5.3 4.6 5.1
  D04 Ventricular Septal Defect 3,435 182 681 1,006 932 633 51.8 53.6 48.4 48.3 50.8 66.0
  D05 Atrial Septal Defect 10,009 602 2,207 2,944 2,561 1,693 151.1 177.3 157.0 141.4 139.5 176.7
  D06 Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Endocardial Cushion Defect) 347 17 54 84 99 92 5.2 5.0 3.8 4.0 5.4 9.6
  D07 Pulmonary Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		693 51 159 198 174 111 10.5 15.0 11.3 9.5 9.5 11.6
  D08 Tricuspid Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		72 9 18 14 22 9 1.1 2.7 1.3 0.7 1.2 0.9
  D09 Ebstein's Anomaly 35 2 10 9 10 4 0.5 * 0.7 0.4 0.5 *
  D10 Aortic Valve Stenosis 148 6 29 41 40 32 2.2 1.8 2.1 2.0 2.2 3.3
  D11 Hypoplastic Left Heart
Syndrome 		252 16 63 72 66 35 3.8 4.7 4.5 3.5 3.6 3.7
  D12 Patent Ductus Arteriosis 5,380 335 1,131 1,609 1,372 931 81.2 98.7 80.4 77.3 74.7 97.1
  D13 Coarctation of Aorta 516 23 121 151 136 85 7.8 6.8 8.6 7.3 7.4 8.9
  D14 Pulmonary Artery Anomalies 1,187 68 261 338 311 209 17.9 20.0 18.6 16.2 16.9 21.8
  D15 Interrupted Aortic Arch 36 - 8 12 9 7 0.5 - 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7
  D16 Total Anomalous Pulmonary
Venous Return (or connection) 		73 3 20 28 15 7 1.1 * 1.4 1.3 0.8 0.7
  D17 Double Outlet Right Ventricle 182 12 45 47 57 21 2.7 3.5 3.2 2.3 3.1 2.2
  D18 Common Ventricel 133 6 29 39 36 23 2.0 1.8 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.4
  D99 Other Heart &
Circulatory System
Anomalies 		5,361 277 1,082 1,603 1,462 935 80.9 81.6 77.0 77.0 79.7 97.6
E Respiratory System (All) 3,921 200 912 1,201 1,011 596 59.2 58.9 64.9 57.7 55.1 62.2
  E01 Lung Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		441 26 88 135 121 71 6.7 7.7 6.3 6.5 6.6 7.4
  E02 Choanal Atresia 118 7 29 32 35 15 1.8 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.9 1.6
  E99 Other Respiratory
System Anomalies 		3,515 175 829 1,078 895 537 53.0 51.5 59.0 51.8 48.8 56.0
F Cleft Palate & Cleft Lip 1,133 41 264 337 323 168 17.1 12.1 18.8 16.2 17.6 17.5
  F01 Cleft Palate 641 25 141 186 192 97 9.7 7.4 10.0 8.9 10.5 10.1
  F02 Cleft Lip w & w/o Cleft Palate 667 27 158 197 187 98 10.1 8.0 11.2 9.5 10.2 10.2
G Upper Alimentary Caanal/
Digestive System (All) 		3,211 206 779 995 766 463 48.5 60.7 55.4 47.8 41.7 48.3
  G01 Esophageal Atresia/
Tracheoesophageal Fistula 		144 8 30 36 45 25 2.2 2.4 2.1 1.7 2.5 2.6
  G02 Rectal & Large Intestinal
Atresia/Stenosis 		266 8 59 82 67 50 4.0 2.4 4.2 3.9 3.7 5.2
  G03 Pyloric Stenosis 1,059 84 300 310 237 128 16.0 24.7 21.3 14.9 12.9 13.4
  G04 Hirshsprung's Disease
(congenital megacolon) 		359 13 73 126 88 59 5.4 3.8 5.2 6.1 4.8 6.2
  G05 Biliary Atresia 88 7 26 21 20 14 1.3 2.1 1.8 1.0 1.1 1.5
  G99 Other Upper
Alimentary Canal
/Digestive System Anomalies 		1,675 100 381 530 410 252 25.3 29.5 27.1 25.5 22.3 26.3
H Genital & Urinary Systems 11,445 590 2,317 3,551 3,153 1,833 172.7 173.8 164.8 170.5 171.8 191.3
  H01 Renal Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		438 26 97 146 100 69 6.6 7.7 6.9 7.0 5.4 7.2
  H02 Bladder Exstrophy &
Cloacal Exstrophy 		18 - 3 6 8 1 0.3 - * 0.3 0.4 *
  H03 Obstructive Genitourinary
Defects 		2,859 145 514 899 789 512 43.1 42.7 36.6 43.2 43.0 53.4
  H04 Hypospadias 2,511 119 499 802 715 375 37.9 35.0 35.5 38.5 39.0 39.1
  H05 Epispadias 88 1 23 26 27 11 1.3 * 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.1
  H99 Other Genital
& Urinary System
Anomalies 		7,239 386 1,498 2,207 2,009 1,138 109.2 113.7 106.5 106.0 109.5 118.7
I Musculoskeletal System (All) 14,614 780 2,969 4,371 4,136 2,353 220.5 229.7 211.2 209.9 225.3 245.5
  I01 Upper Limb Reduction
Deformities 		141 8 38 36 41 18 2.1 2.4 2.7 1.7 2.2 1.9
  I02 Lower Limb Reduction
Deformities 		130 8 27 42 26 27 2.0 2.4 1.9 2.0 1.4 2.8
  I03a Exomphalos/
Omphalocele 		240 18 59 78 57 28 3.6 5.3 4.2 3.7 3.1 2.9
  I03b Gastroschisis 273 68 99 72 25 9 4.1 20.0 7.0 3.5 1.4 0.9
  I03c Prune Belly Syndrome,
Congenital Hernia of Bladder 		156 15 36 44 35 26 2.4 4.4 2.6 2.1 1.9 2.7
  I04 Congenital Hip Dislocation 523 22 103 163 163 72 7.9 6.5 7.3 7.8 8.9 7.5
  I05 Diaphragmatic Hernia 211 16 44 56 60 35 3.2 4.7 3.1 2.7 3.3 3.7
  I99 Other Musculoskeletal
System 		13,584 661 2,708 4,065 3,906 2,239 205.0 194.7 192.6 195.2 212.8 233.6
J Integument (All) 9,226 649 2,426 2,745 2,170 1,233 139.2 191.1 172.5 131.8 118.2 128.7
K Chromosomal Anomalies 1,783 79 288 407 438 569 26.9 23.3 20.5 19.5 23.9 59.4
  K01 Trisomy 13 40 5 7 9 9 10 0.6 * 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.0
  K02 Down Syndrome 824 24 94 146 192 366 12.4 7.1 6.7 7.0 10.5 38.2
  K03 Trisomy 18 85 2 10 9 18 46 1.3 * 0.7 0.4 1.0 4.8
  K04 Chromosome 22q11.2
Deletion Syndrome 		70 4 13 26 17 10 1.1 * 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.0
  K05 Turner Syndrome 76 6 18 22 15 15 1.1 1.8 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.6
  K99 Other Chromosomal
Anomalies 		762 42 162 213 202 143 11.5 12.4 11.5 10.2 11.0 14.9
L Other and Unspecified
Birth Defects 		17,059 688 3,034 5,099 5,150 3,081 257.4 202.6 215.8 244.9 280.6 321.5
                        

Table 11
Birth Defect Numbers & Prevalence Rates by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and
Age of Mother
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2014 - 2019,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
Six-year Birth Defect Totals & Birth Defect Prevalence Rates
(Continued)

Other Reportable Conditions

  Diagnostic Grouping Number by Age Prevalence Rate by Age
Total 15‑19 20‑24 25‑29 30‑34 35 & Over Total 15‑19 20‑24 25‑29 30‑34 35 & Over
M Infectious Conditions
Occurring in the Perinatal
Period 		377 52 123 96 63 43 5.7 15.3 8.7 4.6 3.4 4.5
  M01 Syphilis 86 5 20 26 14 21 1.3 * 1.4 1.2 0.8 2.2
  M02 Other Infections 286 47 102 69 45 23 4.3 13.8 7.3 3.3 2.5 2.4
  M03 Zika Virus Disease 6 - 1 1 4 - 0.1 - * * * -
N Familial/Congenital
Neoplasms 		89 6 19 29 21 14 1.3 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.5
O Endocrine/Metabolic
Disorders 		5,296 276 1,117 1,600 1,454 849 79.9 81.3 79.4 76.8 79.2 88.6
P Diseases of the Blood
& Blood Forming Organs 		2,684 220 783 799 574 306 40.5 64.8 55.7 38.4 31.3 31.9
Q Other Diseases of the
Central and Peripheral
Nervous System 		2,781 163 601 771 768 477 42.0 48.0 42.7 37.0 41.8 49.8
R Other Diseases of the Eye 3,755 214 789 1,105 1,024 623 56.7 63.0 56.1 53.1 55.8 65.0
S Hearing Deficiency 5,788 303 1,215 1,713 1,575 981 87.3 89.2 86.4 82.3 85.8 102.4
T Other Diseases of the
Heart & Circulatory System 		3,020 173 716 897 801 433 45.6 51.0 50.9 43.1 43.6 45.2
U Other Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal System 		3,382 185 717 1,011 916 551 51.0 54.5 51.0 48.6 49.9 57.5
V Other Diseases of the
Genital and Urinary Systems 		1,551 68 284 467 462 270 23.4 20.0 20.2 22.4 25.2 28.2
X Other Musculoskeletal
System Diseases 		6 1 2 1 2 - 0.1 * * * * -
Y Maternal Exposures
Affecting Fetus 		5,588 285 1,415 1,895 1,326 663 84.3 83.9 100.6 91.0 72.2 69.2
  Y01 Newborn Affected by
Maternal use of Alcohol 		99 2 21 20 29 26 1.5 * 1.5 1.0 1.6 2.7
  Y02 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
  Y99 Other Maternal Exposures
Affecting the Fetus 		5,509 283 1,402 1,875 1,303 643 83.1 83.4 99.7 90.0 71.0 67.1
One or More
Reportable Diagnosis 		 84,753 4,550 18,115 25,800 22,958 13,305 1,279.0 1,340.1 1,288.4 1,239.1 1,250.8 1,388.3
                        

Notes:

Mothers' Age: Counts of birth defects for mothers ages 15-19 years old include mothers who were less than 15; Prevalence rates are for mothers less than 19 per 10,000 mothers ages 15-19.

Rates Are Per 10,000 Michigan Born Resident Live Births.  Rates include all children reported with a birth defect who were born in Michigan and whose mother was a resident at the time of birth. This enables the calculation of birth defects prevalence rates. Birth defect statistics sometimes reflect trends related to data reporting or new testing. See Data Quality Considerations for further details.
Symbols: *: Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision. •  -: A dash represents quantity zero. •  0.0: Quanity more than zero but less than 0.05.
Conditions are reportable if identified within the first two years of a child's life. The prevalence frequencies used to calculate the rates in this table represent cases diagnosed within the first year of life.
Prior to October 2015, diagnoses were coded using the 9th revision to the International Classification of Diseases - ICD–9–CM.  (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–9–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) After October 2015, the Birth Defect registry coded diagnoses using ICD–10–CM. (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–10–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) Diagnostic Code Groupings used in analysis of birth defects are defined by the Centers for Disease Control.
Source: Michigan Birth Defects Registry, Division for Vital Records & Health Statistics, Michigan Department of Health & Human Services
Reports Processed through May 28, 2022

Last Updated on May 1, 2022