Table 26
Mortality Rates of Michigan Children with Reported Birth Defects
by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and Birth Year,
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 1999-2019,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
Moving Six-year Mortality Rates

Birth Defects

  Diagnostic Grouping1999
to
2004		2000
to
2005		2001
to
2006		2002
to
2007		2003
to
2008		2004
to
2009		2005
to
2010		2006
to
2011		2007
to
2012		2008
to
2013		2009
to
2014		2010
to
2015		2011
to
2016		2012
to
2017		2013
to
2018		2014
to
2019
A Central Nervous System (All) 120.0 117.6 120.5 117.6 117.0 110.0 106.4 96.7 90.9 89.8 82.4 80.3 71.9 70.8 66.9 61.9
  A01 Anencephalus 924.7 914.0 895.3 895.3 865.2 883.7 881.6 822.8 818.2 825.6 822.8 824.3 819.4 873.0 896.6 900.0
  A02 Spina Bifida w/o Anencephaly 78.9 70.4 71.8 62.8 62.2 56.5 54.9 46.1 36.7 35.9 35.1 27.6 * * 23.3 *
  A03 Hydrocephalus w/o Spina Bifida 125.1 132.7 147.7 139.1 139.0 133.4 130.1 112.4 106.7 115.6 111.7 116.9 117.5 136.4 130.2 124.7
  A04 Encephalocele 187.5 206.5 213.5 208.8 227.3 202.4 184.2 142.9 125.0 95.2 * * 100.0 90.9 108.1 114.3
  A05 Microcephalus 76.7 70.1 78.2 83.3 75.9 70.9 68.0 66.5 58.7 47.2 47.2 48.1 48.2 46.3 47.9 50.1
  A06 Holoprosencephaly --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
  A99 Other CNS Anomalies 75.9 73.9 72.1 70.6 67.8 56.8 57.5 51.8 51.8 49.1 48.1 51.5 46.6 47.3 44.2 44.4
B Eye (All) 25.9 26.1 27.3 26.2 24.2 22.8 20.2 18.5 18.6 16.2 15.3 16.8 18.1 19.9 18.1 17.5
  B01 Anopthalmos
/Micropthalmos 		111.8 114.5 106.5 105.6 100.7 111.9 94.5 91.7 100.9 83.3 92.8 125.0 161.6 154.6 166.7 161.3
  B02 Congenital Cataract 32.9 36.7 45.0 46.4 48.4 42.4 49.1 45.2 46.1 * * * * 46.5 47.6 47.2
  B03 Aniridia - * * * * * * - - * * * * * * *
  B99 Other Eye Anomalies 18.9 19.2 21.1 19.7 19.3 18.3 15.3 13.3 12.7 11.1 11.0 12.1 11.9 13.4 11.4 12.0
C Ear, Face and Neck (All) 39.2 43.3 40.2 40.2 42.6 41.8 39.3 33.0 35.8 28.5 22.1 21.9 21.0 22.4 22.6 23.2
  C01 Anotia/Microtia * * * * 54.5 * * 54.1 52.2 * * 52.6 64.5 64.5 66.2 61.6
  C99 Other Ear, Face &
Neck Anomalies 		38.7 42.8 40.2 40.3 41.9 41.1 38.5 31.2 34.2 26.6 21.0 19.7 18.7 20.8 20.9 21.7
D Heart & Circulatory System (All) 79.2 77.1 73.7 71.0 71.4 69.6 69.3 66.8 67.5 68.0 63.5 60.1 57.3 56.2 52.1 47.0
  D01 Common Truncus 140.0 137.3 128.4 126.2 169.6 170.2 188.1 196.1 196.1 184.5 153.1 188.7 200.0 211.8 195.1 189.2
  D02 Transposition of Great
Vessels 		115.8 103.2 113.9 122.6 122.1 128.3 116.3 121.9 120.4 115.1 119.3 114.2 100.7 95.7 99.2 103.2
  D03 Tetralogy of Fallot 117.9 107.9 86.3 85.2 99.3 112.2 95.6 97.3 107.5 106.7 102.4 94.4 97.9 95.0 81.9 78.3
  D04 Ventricular Septal Defect 68.6 63.2 59.6 58.5 63.1 59.9 56.0 55.2 53.1 50.1 43.7 46.2 45.8 47.3 46.6 47.7
  D05 Atrial Septal Defect 58.7 57.4 54.5 54.0 57.0 53.9 53.8 51.9 51.4 48.3 43.7 43.6 42.7 43.3 41.6 39.2
  D06 Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Endocardial Cushion Defect) 133.0 138.8 127.9 131.0 141.9 145.9 136.5 114.4 109.7 102.6 106.2 105.9 114.6 142.9 153.2 152.7
  D07 Pulmonary Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		70.0 63.9 60.0 54.5 64.9 63.9 62.9 61.9 66.9 70.7 54.7 58.9 57.7 58.3 49.1 49.1
  D08 Tricuspid Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		115.7 110.2 82.6 81.1 112.1 114.6 105.8 132.7 105.8 111.1 72.9 96.8 120.5 128.2 169.0 194.4
  D09 Ebstein's Anomaly 153.8 150.0 139.7 154.6 137.0 209.7 229.5 245.6 237.3 233.3 232.1 189.7 163.6 156.9 * *
  D10 Aortic Valve Stenosis 68.5 71.8 86.3 70.0 96.4 109.9 109.1 113.2 121.0 115.6 95.9 85.0 90.4 80.7 67.1 67.6
  D11 Hypoplastic Left Heart
Syndrome 		344.5 312.9 315.9 314.2 318.9 351.9 366.9 375.0 342.2 366.7 343.2 319.4 322.0 308.5 307.4 230.2
  D12 Patent Ductus Arteriosis 97.0 98.7 95.1 97.6 104.6 99.0 98.2 94.1 93.6 90.0 83.0 81.2 80.5 78.2 77.4 74.5
  D13 Coarctation of Aorta 120.7 115.0 128.0 139.3 137.3 142.0 131.6 133.3 116.1 98.1 112.5 107.8 106.7 95.1 97.6 112.4
  D14 Pulmonary Artery Anomalies 58.1 54.7 45.9 45.2 51.1 52.2 54.4 54.0 63.3 65.0 57.3 52.5 57.3 65.7 55.6 52.2
  D15 Interrupted Aortic Arch 240.0 236.6 271.6 285.7 283.3 333.3 267.9 293.1 250.0 238.1 206.9 153.8 152.2 * * *
  D16 Total Anomalous Pulmonary
Venous Return (or connection) 		185.6 173.9 160.0 151.5 163.3 175.3 176.5 179.8 197.7 200.0 163.0 152.2 170.5 206.5 197.5 164.4
  D17 Double Outlet Right Ventricle 200.0 181.3 186.7 202.3 187.1 177.5 189.2 178.8 160.2 118.0 113.5 135.4 130.4 139.0 142.1 159.3
  D18 Common Ventricel 164.9 153.2 162.6 141.7 170.4 159.7 152.7 170.7 147.3 162.8 93.8 81.5 93.0 90.2 78.1 60.2
  D99 Other Heart &
Circulatory System
Anomalies 		103.1 100.2 95.1 88.0 87.5 88.8 93.0 95.0 101.8 111.6 107.0 100.3 93.6 88.7 81.3 71.3
E Respiratory System (All) 127.9 113.9 99.1 93.5 90.0 84.4 79.8 74.0 75.3 76.3 75.0 71.6 67.9 64.5 57.6 54.8
  E01 Lung Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		490.2 462.4 427.2 416.2 394.1 365.8 343.8 301.8 289.0 281.8 306.3 334.0 347.3 350.5 338.1 322.0
  E02 Choanal Atresia * * * * * 50.8 74.4 76.9 88.0 93.5 90.3 98.6 106.4 105.3 87.3 67.8
  E99 Other Respiratory
System Anomalies 		59.9 55.4 51.7 51.2 49.5 47.9 42.4 40.1 38.4 36.0 29.7 26.7 24.9 24.7 21.3 21.1
F Cleft Palate & Cleft Lip 65.2 67.5 71.5 74.2 71.5 68.8 58.8 56.1 55.4 49.3 45.0 40.1 45.5 45.4 46.0 46.8
  F01 Cleft Palate 44.5 44.0 44.5 47.5 43.8 44.5 40.1 39.1 39.2 32.3 30.3 24.8 26.6 28.4 25.5 28.1
  F02 Cleft Lip w & w/o Cleft Palate 51.7 54.9 62.7 68.2 64.3 61.2 48.5 45.7 45.5 40.4 40.9 38.8 48.7 47.3 47.2 46.5
G Upper Alimentary Caanal/
Digestive System (All) 		45.5 46.9 46.6 45.9 46.1 42.8 38.6 37.2 37.1 37.4 34.9 35.8 33.0 32.8 31.2 27.7
  G01 Esophageal Atresia/
Tracheoesophageal Fistula 		129.8 131.3 126.9 129.9 134.5 135.3 110.5 108.0 125.7 132.1 126.6 127.3 148.4 164.5 149.7 125.0
  G02 Rectal & Large Intestinal
Atresia/Stenosis 		77.1 79.9 84.6 86.2 91.4 86.6 65.5 54.6 65.0 65.5 68.9 73.2 74.8 76.2 70.2 63.9
  G03 Pyloric Stenosis 8.7 9.1 6.4 5.4 4.7 * * * * * * * * * * *
  G04 Hirshsprung's Disease
(congenital megacolon) 		30.1 27.5 28.1 * * * * * * * * * 21.3 26.9 24.9 27.9
  G05 Biliary Atresia 65.2 69.0 71.4 75.0 * 97.6 92.1 73.2 * 69.8 * * * * 69.8 *
  G99 Other Upper
Alimentary Canal
/Digestive System Anomalies 		62.2 63.2 62.6 60.3 60.9 56.2 52.7 51.3 48.8 47.8 43.0 44.7 37.3 36.1 34.9 31.6
H Genital & Urinary Systems 32.9 32.1 31.7 32.0 32.5 32.3 31.3 31.2 31.5 29.3 26.3 23.7 22.7 21.4 20.2 19.5
  H01 Renal Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		200.0 194.2 192.0 204.8 201.8 200.9 194.6 190.4 198.0 178.8 159.2 137.9 126.8 121.2 101.9 95.9
  H02 Bladder Exstrophy &
Cloacal Exstrophy 		* * * * * * * * * * * * - - - -
  H03 Obstructive Genitourinary
Defects 		38.7 38.8 38.4 41.1 42.0 42.5 39.5 38.4 36.8 36.6 31.0 28.1 28.6 27.8 26.0 23.4
  H04 Hypospadias 15.6 18.0 18.0 17.8 17.1 16.6 12.7 10.6 10.9 7.7 8.0 9.0 9.1 10.2 10.0 11.2
  H05 Epispadias - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * *
  H99 Other Genital
& Urinary System
Anomalies 		30.4 28.9 28.8 28.7 28.8 28.8 28.2 28.9 28.9 26.2 24.3 22.9 22.1 20.5 19.9 19.5
I Musculoskeletal System (All) 32.2 31.9 30.4 29.6 30.8 29.5 28.2 25.8 24.5 22.9 20.9 20.4 20.2 20.9 19.5 19.0
  I01 Upper Limb Reduction
Deformities 		61.6 68.3 78.1 71.8 81.6 68.8 51.3 60.3 50.3 47.6 38.5 46.5 64.7 50.0 45.5 49.6
  I02 Lower Limb Reduction
Deformities 		52.3 48.9 51.8 48.6 39.5 49.7 34.9 * 36.1 48.5 57.5 57.7 70.5 75.3 66.7 61.5
  I03a Exomphalos/
Omphalocele 		--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 170.7 190.8 160.3 99.1 79.2
  I03b Gastroschisis --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 70.7 69.0 59.0 64.3 69.6
  I03c Prune Belly Syndrome,
Congenital Hernia of Bladder 		104.0 110.6 109.6 107.3 107.0 99.6 110.8 107.7 121.2 126.4 139.0 136.4 113.1 85.7 59.2 *
  I04 Congenital Hip Dislocation 7.1 7.4 5.7 * * * * * * * * 8.9 * 15.7 19.2 21.0
  I05 Diaphragmatic Hernia 286.8 293.2 267.2 264.4 260.4 229.9 232.3 225.7 259.7 290.3 296.5 320.9 339.5 348.3 292.7 260.7
  I99 Other Musculoskeletal
System 		26.5 26.2 24.9 24.2 24.8 24.3 22.2 19.8 17.7 15.9 13.8 13.7 13.6 15.0 14.9 15.0
J Integument (All) 17.6 15.4 12.0 9.9 7.1 6.5 6.0 5.4 4.8 4.8 4.7 5.3 5.9 6.3 6.5 6.1
K Chromosomal Anomalies 175.7 174.8 156.4 148.7 148.8 137.7 127.2 117.0 117.1 118.8 117.1 117.5 117.7 114.6 108.7 99.3
  K01 Trisomy 13 797.3 782.1 732.4 704.2 718.3 697.0 655.7 625.0 689.7 750.0 767.9 773.6 788.5 816.3 790.7 750.0
  K02 Down Syndrome 95.6 93.6 81.6 75.8 79.1 72.4 64.2 57.1 54.4 58.0 55.6 53.3 55.8 58.0 62.3 52.2
  K03 Trisomy 18 682.5 663.8 661.2 617.4 644.1 663.6 666.7 679.6 656.6 676.8 673.9 686.9 686.9 663.0 622.2 576.5
  K04 Chromosome 22q11.2
Deletion Syndrome 		--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- * * * * * * * *
  K05 Turner Syndrome * * * * * * * * - - - - * * * *
  K99 Other Chromosomal
Anomalies 		154.1 164.2 145.9 143.1 125.5 106.3 106.2 95.2 96.6 95.9 101.1 96.9 90.0 82.4 77.0 73.5
L Other and Unspecified
Birth Defects 		103.7 96.7 96.6 101.1 105.8 106.7 71.1 62.4 56.6 53.8 47.1 42.0 38.8 36.8 32.3 26.7
                                

Table 26
Mortality Rates of Michigan Children with Reported Birth Defects
by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and Birth Year,
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 1999-2019,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
Moving Six-year Mortality Rates
(Continued)

Other Reportable Conditions

  Diagnostic Grouping1999
to
2004		2000
to
2005		2001
to
2006		2002
to
2007		2003
to
2008		2004
to
2009		2005
to
2010		2006
to
2011		2007
to
2012		2008
to
2013		2009
to
2014		2010
to
2015		2011
to
2016		2012
to
2017		2013
to
2018		2014
to
2019
M Infectious Conditions
Occurring in the Perinatal
Period 		95.1 101.6 108.2 119.2 88.3 92.4 79.8 80.1 70.8 65.9 71.6 53.3 60.9 52.6 49.4 58.4
  M01 Syphilis * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - -
  M02 Other Infections 134.1 143.5 150.4 154.2 113.6 116.1 99.1 101.2 88.2 84.5 97.6 72.6 83.6 72.6 66.9 76.9
  M03 Zika Virus Disease - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
N Familial/Congenital
Neoplasms 		* * * * * * * * * - - - - - - -
O Endocrine/Metabolic
Disorders 		49.4 46.6 47.6 42.9 40.9 38.9 37.7 39.7 39.8 40.6 44.4 44.9 45.0 45.4 40.0 37.0
P Diseases of the Blood
& Blood Forming Organs 		62.8 57.1 56.7 53.3 54.9 58.4 62.3 57.5 52.5 52.8 52.0 46.3 41.2 43.5 41.9 41.7
Q Other Diseases of the
Central and Peripheral
Nervous System 		25.5 26.1 25.5 26.9 25.7 25.5 26.2 24.2 23.9 22.3 21.2 23.0 24.9 29.1 27.5 25.9
R Other Diseases of the Eye 28.8 29.2 28.3 26.2 27.2 24.3 21.1 18.4 16.6 13.6 8.7 8.4 7.8 8.3 7.2 6.1
S Hearing Deficiency 11.6 11.7 11.6 12.0 11.8 9.4 7.9 6.5 5.5 4.1 4.3 4.7 4.3 5.0 5.0 5.7
T Other Diseases of the
Heart & Circulatory System 		82.4 79.9 77.4 79.7 77.2 79.0 73.0 71.8 66.1 63.7 63.7 60.5 60.3 57.4 54.2 51.3
U Other Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal System 		38.6 38.3 39.7 38.9 38.9 40.3 43.5 43.2 42.4 46.5 45.1 42.0 40.4 41.2 40.9 39.3
V Other Diseases of the
Genital and Urinary Systems 		* * * * * * * * * * 15.4 15.6 18.2 15.6 12.8 10.3
X Other Musculoskeletal
System Diseases 		- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Y Maternal Exposures
Affecting Fetus 		34.0 30.6 31.8 30.3 32.8 30.1 28.4 28.5 25.6 26.8 21.6 19.2 17.0 15.3 13.2 12.5
  Y01 Newborn Affected by
Maternal use of Alcohol 		* * * * * * - - - * * * * * * *
  Y02 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
  Y99 Other Maternal Exposures
Affecting the Fetus 		33.7 30.7 31.8 30.1 33.2 30.8 29.5 29.4 26.2 26.9 21.7 19.3 16.8 15.1 13.0 12.5
One or More
Reportable Diagnosis 		 41.8 40.5 38.9 37.7 37.2 36.5 34.6 32.6 31.3 30.2 27.4 24.8 23.1 22.3 20.8 19.0
                                

Notes:
Rates are per 1,000 Michigan Born Resident Live Births. Rates represent the infant mortality rate for children with a diagnosed birth defect. The rates include all deaths within the first year of life to children reported with a birth defect who were born in Michigan and whose mother was a resident at the time of birth. Birth defect statistics sometimes reflect trends related to data reporting or new testing. See Data Quality Considerations for further details.
Conditions are reportable if identified within the first two years of a child's life. The prevalence frequencies in this table represent cases diagnosed within the first year of life.
*: Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision.
Prior to October 2015, diagnoses were coded using the 9th revision to the International Classification of Diseases - ICD–9–CM.  (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–9–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) After October 2015, the Birth Defect registry coded diagnoses using ICD–10–CM. (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–10–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) Diagnostic Code Groupings used in analysis of birth defects are defined by the Centers for Disease Control.
Source: Michigan Birth Defects Registry, Division for Vital Records & Health Statistics, Michigan Department of Health & Human Services
Reports Processed through May 28, 2022

Last Updated on May 1, 2022