Table 9
Birth Defect Numbers & Prevalence Rates by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and
By Race & Hispanic Ancestry of Mother
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2017 - 2022,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
Six-year Birth Defect Totals & Birth Defect Prevalence Rates

Birth Defects

  Diagnostic Grouping Number by Race Prevalence Rate by Race
Total White Black Native
American		 Asian Hispanic Total White Black Native
American		 Asian Hispanic
A Central Nervous System (All) 4,322 2,431 1,056 24 145 246 68.2 56.7 89.6 66.8 63 60.8
  A01 Anencephalus 45 36 2 - 4 2 0.7 0.8 * - * *
  A02 Spina Bifida w/o Anencephaly 261 176 28 1 7 21 4.1 4.1 2.4 * 3 5.2
  A03 Hydrocephalus w/o Spina Bifida 573 303 165 4 14 24 9 7.1 14 * 6.1 5.9
  A04 Encephalocele 63 42 13 - 1 3 1 1 1.1 - * *
  A05 Microcephalus 1,754 876 537 9 65 91 27.7 20.4 45.5 25.1 28.2 22.5
  A99 Other CNS Anomalies 2,320 1,400 456 16 71 149 36.6 32.7 38.7 44.6 30.8 36.8
B Eye (All) 4,249 2,962 561 16 184 206 67 69.1 47.6 44.6 79.9 50.9
  B01 Anopthalmos
/Micropthalmos 		118 73 27 1 6 6 1.9 1.7 2.3 * 2.6 1.5
  B02 Congenital Cataract 170 108 35 1 2 7 2.7 2.5 3 * * 1.7
  B03 Aniridia 26 15 8 - 3 - 0.4 0.3 0.7 - * -
  B99 Other Eye Anomalies 4,069 2,852 518 15 182 199 64.2 66.5 43.9 41.8 79 49.2
C Ear, Face and Neck (All) 3,667 2,192 813 9 167 248 57.9 51.1 69 25.1 72.5 61.3
  C01 Anotia/Microtia 180 111 26 2 8 15 2.8 2.6 2.2 * 3.5 3.7
  C99 Other Ear, Face &
Neck Anomalies 		3,696 2,214 821 8 169 248 58.3 51.7 69.6 22.3 73.4 61.3
D Heart & Circulatory System (All) 22,613 13,618 5,194 144 693 1,267 356.8 317.7 440.5 401 300.9 313.3
  D01 Common Truncus 82 49 17 - 3 8 1.3 1.1 1.4 - * 2
  D02 Transposition of Great
Vessels 		258 172 37 1 5 13 4.1 4 3.1 * * 3.2
  D03 Tetralogy of Fallot 374 232 76 2 9 17 5.9 5.4 6.4 * 3.9 4.2
  D04 Ventricular Septal Defect 4,654 2,950 885 22 148 287 73.4 68.8 75.1 61.3 64.3 71
  D05 Atrial Septal Defect 15,678 9,228 3,861 107 467 883 247.3 215.3 327.5 298 202.8 218.4
  D06 Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Endocardial Cushion Defect) 350 224 72 1 8 23 5.5 5.2 6.1 * 3.5 5.7
  D07 Pulmonary Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		847 545 176 5 16 45 13.4 12.7 14.9 * 6.9 11.1
  D08 Tricuspid Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		967 599 212 5 48 44 15.3 14 18 * 20.8 10.9
  D09 Ebstein's Anomaly 49 35 8 1 2 2 0.8 0.8 0.7 * * *
  D10 Aortic Valve Stenosis 168 127 16 3 8 3 2.7 3 1.4 * 3.5 *
  D11 Hypoplastic Left Heart
Syndrome 		283 176 51 6 6 17 4.5 4.1 4.3 16.7 2.6 4.2
  D12 Patent Ductus Arteriosis 6,320 3,448 1,848 40 172 369 99.7 80.4 156.7 111.4 74.7 91.2
  D13 Coarctation of Aorta 615 415 91 3 17 30 9.7 9.7 7.7 * 7.4 7.4
  D14 Pulmonary Artery Anomalies 2,176 1,248 581 14 49 133 34.3 29.1 49.3 39 21.3 32.9
  D15 Interrupted Aortic Arch 59 34 15 - 6 1 0.9 0.8 1.3 - 2.6 *
  D16 Total Anomalous Pulmonary
Venous Return (or connection) 		75 40 14 - 3 7 1.2 0.9 1.2 - * 1.7
  D17 Double Outlet Right Ventricle 201 122 43 1 5 14 3.2 2.8 3.6 * * 3.5
  D18 Common Ventricel 174 99 38 1 4 13 2.7 2.3 3.2 * * 3.2
  D99 Other Heart &
Circulatory System
Anomalies 		7,521 4,894 1,401 52 260 420 118.7 114.2 118.8 144.8 112.9 103.9
E Respiratory System (All) 5,398 3,181 1,360 25 117 274 85.2 74.2 115.4 69.6 50.8 67.8
  E01 Lung Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		567 343 138 4 12 25 8.9 8 11.7 * 5.2 6.2
  E02 Choanal Atresia 140 92 20 3 3 9 2.2 2.1 1.7 * * 2.2
  E99 Other Respiratory
System Anomalies 		4,880 2,866 1,243 20 106 246 77 66.9 105.4 55.7 46 60.8
F Cleft Palate & Cleft Lip 1,234 835 179 11 38 72 19.5 19.5 15.2 30.6 16.5 17.8
  F01 Cleft Palate 354 231 62 4 12 17 5.6 5.4 5.3 * 5.2 4.2
  F02 Cleft Lip w & w/o Cleft Palate 701 480 96 2 19 44 11.1 11.2 8.1 * 8.3 10.9
G Upper Alimentary Caanal/
Digestive System (All) 		12,691 9,458 1,539 54 406 654 200.2 220.7 130.5 150.4 176.3 161.7
  G01 Esophageal Atresia/
Tracheoesophageal Fistula 		180 143 19 - 4 6 2.8 3.3 1.6 - * 1.5
  G02 Rectal & Large Intestinal
Atresia/Stenosis 		272 185 45 - 8 15 4.3 4.3 3.8 - 3.5 3.7
  G03 Pyloric Stenosis 1,102 793 130 7 16 80 17.4 18.5 11 19.5 6.9 19.8
  G04 Hirshsprung's Disease
(congenital megacolon) 		214 126 54 - 6 5 3.4 2.9 4.6 - 2.6 *
  G05 Biliary Atresia 139 77 42 - 5 7 2.2 1.8 3.6 - * 1.7
  G99 Other Upper
Alimentary Canal
/Digestive System Anomalies 		11,109 8,363 1,297 47 378 560 175.3 195.1 110 130.9 164.1 138.5
H Genital & Urinary Systems 18,636 11,936 3,420 74 770 1,011 294 278.5 290.1 206.1 334.4 250
  H01 Renal Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		542 355 90 1 10 30 8.6 8.3 7.6 * 4.3 7.4
  H02 Bladder Exstrophy &
Cloacal Exstrophy 		25 13 3 - - 4 0.4 0.3 * - - *
  H03 Obstructive Genitourinary
Defects 		4,179 2,876 550 19 193 268 65.9 67.1 46.6 52.9 83.8 66.3
  H04 Hypospadias 3,106 2,130 523 13 87 114 49 49.7 44.4 36.2 37.8 28.2
  H05 Epispadias 164 101 40 2 6 7 2.6 2.4 3.4 * 2.6 1.7
  H99 Other Genital
& Urinary System
Anomalies 		13,353 8,356 2,660 47 563 706 210.7 195 225.6 130.9 244.5 174.6
I Musculoskeletal System (All) 27,391 17,597 4,994 90 1,024 1,445 432.1 410.6 423.6 250.6 444.7 357.3
  I01 Upper Limb Reduction
Deformities 		179 117 38 - 3 11 2.8 2.7 3.2 - * 2.7
  I02 Lower Limb Reduction
Deformities 		123 74 32 - 4 4 1.9 1.7 2.7 - * *
  I03a Exomphalos/
Omphalocele 		291 115 145 - 4 11 4.6 2.7 12.3 - * 2.7
  I03b Gastroschisis 232 156 38 3 2 17 3.7 3.6 3.2 * * 4.2
  I03c Prune Belly Syndrome,
Congenital Hernia of Bladder 		11 5 2 - - - 0.2 * * - - -
  I04 Congenital Hip Dislocation 219 158 26 1 6 12 3.5 3.7 2.2 * 2.6 3
  I05 Diaphragmatic Hernia 284 180 45 3 4 19 4.5 4.2 3.8 * * 4.7
  I99 Other Musculoskeletal
System 		26,540 17,112 4,763 86 1,010 1,392 418.7 399.3 404 239.5 438.6 344.2
J Integument (All) 20,067 7,983 7,521 68 2,000 1,300 316.6 186.3 637.9 189.4 868.5 321.5
K Chromosomal Anomalies 2,438 1,589 372 15 88 156 38.5 37.1 31.6 41.8 38.2 38.6
  K01 Trisomy 13 48 30 10 - 3 4 0.8 0.7 0.8 - * *
  K02 Down Syndrome 959 597 156 5 23 78 15.1 13.9 13.2 * 10 19.3
  K03 Trisomy 18 95 60 17 1 5 3 1.5 1.4 1.4 * * *
  K99 Other Chromosomal
Anomalies 		1,400 940 202 10 62 75 22.1 21.9 17.1 27.8 26.9 18.5
L Other and Unspecified
Birth Defects 		11,667 6,879 2,880 46 733 715 184.1 160.5 244.3 128.1 318.3 176.8
                        

Table 9
Birth Defect Numbers & Prevalence Rates by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and
By Race & Hispanic Ancestry of Mother
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2017 - 2022,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
Six-year Birth Defect Totals & Birth Defect Prevalence Rates
(Continued)

Other Reportable Conditions

  Diagnostic Grouping Number by Race Prevalence Rate by Race
Total White Black Native
American		 Asian Hispanic Total White Black Native
American		 Asian Hispanic
M Infectious Conditions
Occurring in the Perinatal
Period 		545 241 218 2 11 27 8.6 5.6 18.5 * 4.8 6.7
  M01 Syphilis 157 47 88 1 2 5 2.5 1.1 7.5 * * *
  M02 Other Infections 392 197 131 1 9 22 6.2 4.6 11.1 * 3.9 5.4
N Familial/Congenital
Neoplasms 		153 81 37 1 4 11 2.4 1.9 3.1 * * 2.7
O Endocrine/Metabolic
Disorders 		7,976 4,762 1,678 31 424 467 125.8 111.1 142.3 86.3 184.1 115.5
P Diseases of the Blood
& Blood Forming Organs 		3,359 856 2,027 9 86 96 53 20 171.9 25.1 37.3 23.7
Q Other Diseases of the
Central and Peripheral
Nervous System 		3,001 1,635 757 11 98 142 47.3 38.1 64.2 30.6 42.6 35.1
R Other Diseases of the Eye 4,335 2,855 736 19 118 180 68.4 66.6 62.4 52.9 51.2 44.5
S Hearing Deficiency 9,209 4,885 2,649 20 299 406 145.3 114 224.7 55.7 129.8 100.4
T Other Diseases of the
Heart & Circulatory System 		4,628 3,013 913 26 105 221 73 70.3 77.4 72.4 45.6 54.7
U Other Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal System 		14,525 7,353 4,994 49 321 658 229.2 171.6 423.6 136.5 139.4 162.7
V Other Diseases of the
Genital and Urinary Systems 		2,660 1,772 390 6 107 189 42 41.3 33.1 16.7 46.5 46.7
X Other Musculoskeletal
System Diseases 		2 - 1 - - - - - * - - -
Y Maternal Exposures
Affecting Fetus 		11,083 6,672 2,726 115 208 636 174.9 155.7 231.2 320.2 90.3 157.3
  Y01 Newborn Affected by
Maternal use of Alcohol 		218 113 66 1 - 14 3.4 2.6 5.6 * - 3.5
  Y02 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 53 27 13 1 - 1 0.8 0.6 1.1 * - *
  Y99 Other Maternal Exposures
Affecting the Fetus 		10,908 6,580 2,672 114 208 628 172.1 153.5 226.6 317.5 90.3 155.3
One or More
Reportable Diagnosis 		 195,849 80,531 32,368 579 5,932 7,609 3,089.8 1,878.9 2,745.4 1,612.4 2,576 1,881.6
                        

Notes:

Race or Hispanic Ancestry: Race without mention of Hispanic ancestry, or Hispanic ancestry with or without mention of race.

Rates Are Per 10,000 Michigan Born Resident Live Births.  Rates include all children reported with a birth defect who were born in Michigan and whose mother was a resident at the time of birth. This enables the calculation of birth defects prevalence rates. Birth defect statistics sometimes reflect trends related to data reporting or new testing. See Data Quality Considerations for further details.
Symbols: *: Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision. •  -: A dash represents quantity zero. •  0.0: Quanity more than zero but less than 0.05.
Conditions are reportable if identified within the first two years of a child's life. The prevalence frequencies used to calculate the rates in this table represent cases diagnosed within the first year of life.
Prior to October 2015, diagnoses were coded using the 9th revision to the International Classification of Diseases - ICD–9–CM.  (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–9–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) After October 2015, the Birth Defect registry coded diagnoses using ICD–10–CM. (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–10–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) Diagnostic Code Groupings used in analysis of birth defects are defined by the Centers for Disease Control.
Source: Michigan Birth Defects Registry, Division for Vital Records & Health Statistics, Michigan Department of Health & Human Services
Reports Processed through October 28, 2025

Last Updated on November 10th, 2025