Table 11
Birth Defect Numbers & Prevalence Rates by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and
Age of Mother
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2017 - 2022,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
Six-year Birth Defect Totals & Birth Defect Prevalence Rates

Birth Defects

  Diagnostic Grouping Number by Age Prevalence Rate by Age
Total 15‑19 20‑24 25‑29 30‑34 35 & Over Total 15‑19 20‑24 25‑29 30‑34 35 & Over
A Central Nervous System (All) 4,322 251 841 1,212 1,092 680 68 93.2 70.8 61.1 57.5 66.8
  A01 Anencephalus 45 3 10 14 10 7 0.7 * 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.7
  A02 Spina Bifida w/o Anencephaly 261 14 50 73 55 50 4.1 5.2 4.2 3.7 2.9 4.9
  A03 Hydrocephalus w/o Spina Bifida 573 38 107 172 127 101 9 14.1 9 8.7 6.7 9.9
  A04 Encephalocele 63 5 13 20 10 13 1 * 1.1 1 0.5 1.3
  A05 Microcephalus 1,754 114 360 500 430 246 27.6 42.3 30.3 25.2 22.6 24.2
  A99 Other CNS Anomalies 2,320 117 449 624 612 390 36.5 43.4 37.8 31.5 32.2 38.3
B Eye (All) 4,249 126 645 1,192 1,326 770 66.8 46.8 54.3 60.1 69.8 75.7
  B01 Anopthalmos
/Micropthalmos 		118 12 17 35 33 18 1.9 4.5 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.8
  B02 Congenital Cataract 170 9 27 54 40 29 2.7 3.3 2.3 2.7 2.1 2.9
  B03 Aniridia 26 - 5 7 10 4 0.4 - * 0.4 0.5 *
  B99 Other Eye Anomalies 4,069 116 615 1,134 1,283 742 64 43.1 51.8 57.2 67.5 72.9
C Ear, Face and Neck (All) 3,667 131 567 1,074 1,123 657 57.7 48.6 47.7 54.2 59.1 64.6
  C01 Anotia/Microtia 180 3 32 48 55 33 2.8 * 2.7 2.4 2.9 3.2
  C99 Other Ear, Face &
Neck Anomalies 		3,696 130 573 1,088 1,125 663 58.1 48.3 48.2 54.9 59.2 65.2
D Heart & Circulatory System (All) 22,613 978 3,897 6,303 6,431 4,045 355.8 363.2 328.1 318 338.5 397.6
  D01 Common Truncus 82 4 13 29 18 15 1.3 * 1.1 1.5 0.9 1.5
  D02 Transposition of Great
Vessels 		258 8 48 61 72 49 4.1 3 4 3.1 3.8 4.8
  D03 Tetralogy of Fallot 374 15 68 98 94 79 5.9 5.6 5.7 4.9 4.9 7.8
  D04 Ventricular Septal Defect 4,654 172 754 1,283 1,319 942 73.2 63.9 63.5 64.7 69.4 92.6
  D05 Atrial Septal Defect 15,678 696 2,756 4,344 4,448 2,847 246.6 258.4 232 219.2 234.1 279.9
  D06 Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Endocardial Cushion Defect) 350 9 47 90 85 111 5.5 3.3 4 4.5 4.5 10.9
  D07 Pulmonary Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		847 39 157 213 243 161 13.3 14.5 13.2 10.7 12.8 15.8
  D08 Tricuspid Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		967 46 139 280 260 213 15.2 17.1 11.7 14.1 13.7 20.9
  D09 Ebstein's Anomaly 49 3 12 11 13 9 0.8 * 1 0.6 0.7 0.9
  D10 Aortic Valve Stenosis 168 4 25 47 44 43 2.6 * 2.1 2.4 2.3 4.2
  D11 Hypoplastic Left Heart
Syndrome 		283 9 44 85 74 54 4.5 3.3 3.7 4.3 3.9 5.3
  D12 Patent Ductus Arteriosis 6,320 331 1,171 1,789 1,673 1,093 99.4 122.9 98.6 90.3 88.1 107.4
  D13 Coarctation of Aorta 615 16 91 180 179 109 9.7 5.9 7.7 9.1 9.4 10.7
  D14 Pulmonary Artery Anomalies 2,176 97 390 607 603 386 34.2 36 32.8 30.6 31.7 37.9
  D15 Interrupted Aortic Arch 59 - 12 23 15 9 0.9 - 1 1.2 0.8 0.9
  D16 Total Anomalous Pulmonary
Venous Return (or connection) 		75 1 15 23 21 8 1.2 * 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.8
  D17 Double Outlet Right Ventricle 201 9 36 55 52 40 3.2 3.3 3 2.8 2.7 3.9
  D18 Common Ventricel 174 5 33 50 45 33 2.7 * 2.8 2.5 2.4 3.2
  D99 Other Heart &
Circulatory System
Anomalies 		7,521 281 1,208 2,086 2,229 1,463 118.3 104.3 101.7 105.2 117.3 143.8
E Respiratory System (All) 5,398 192 1,013 1,616 1,413 912 84.9 71.3 85.3 81.5 74.4 89.7
  E01 Lung Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		567 18 86 176 173 86 8.9 6.7 7.2 8.9 9.1 8.5
  E02 Choanal Atresia 140 4 24 42 39 23 2.2 * 2 2.1 2.1 2.3
  E99 Other Respiratory
System Anomalies 		4,880 174 932 1,459 1,260 833 76.8 64.6 78.5 73.6 66.3 81.9
F Cleft Palate & Cleft Lip 1,234 47 251 331 359 194 19.4 17.5 21.1 16.7 18.9 19.1
  F01 Cleft Palate 354 14 71 88 115 58 5.6 5.2 6 4.4 6.1 5.7
  F02 Cleft Lip w & w/o Cleft Palate 701 29 136 202 197 104 11 10.8 11.5 10.2 10.4 10.2
G Upper Alimentary Caanal/
Digestive System (All) 		12,691 435 2,140 3,895 3,915 1,995 199.7 161.5 180.2 196.5 206 196.1
  G01 Esophageal Atresia/
Tracheoesophageal Fistula 		180 7 24 45 58 40 2.8 2.6 2 2.3 3.1 3.9
  G02 Rectal & Large Intestinal
Atresia/Stenosis 		272 9 51 79 75 47 4.3 3.3 4.3 4 3.9 4.6
  G03 Pyloric Stenosis 1,102 63 266 316 270 144 17.3 23.4 22.4 15.9 14.2 14.2
  G04 Hirshsprung's Disease
(congenital megacolon) 		214 2 35 69 61 32 3.4 * 2.9 3.5 3.2 3.1
  G05 Biliary Atresia 139 11 24 39 37 24 2.2 4.1 2 2 1.9 2.4
  G99 Other Upper
Alimentary Canal
/Digestive System Anomalies 		11,109 353 1,802 3,431 3,518 1,765 174.8 131.1 151.7 173.1 185.2 173.5
H Genital & Urinary Systems 18,636 640 3,116 5,432 5,521 3,200 293.2 237.6 262.4 274.1 290.6 314.6
  H01 Renal Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		542 23 105 156 151 78 8.5 8.5 8.8 7.9 7.9 7.7
  H02 Bladder Exstrophy &
Cloacal Exstrophy 		25 - 2 10 8 1 0.4 - * 0.5 0.4 *
  H03 Obstructive Genitourinary
Defects 		4,179 135 636 1,232 1,310 746 65.7 50.1 53.5 62.2 68.9 73.3
  H04 Hypospadias 3,106 99 523 937 928 507 48.9 36.8 44 47.3 48.8 49.8
  H05 Epispadias 164 1 33 63 45 18 2.6 * * 3.2 2.4 1.8
  H99 Other Genital
& Urinary System
Anomalies 		13,353 486 2,252 3,854 3,915 2,320 210.1 180.5 189.6 194.4 206 228.1
I Musculoskeletal System (All) 27,391 1,060 4,495 7,811 8,059 4,762 430.9 393.6 378.5 394.1 424.2 468.1
  I01 Upper Limb Reduction
Deformities 		179 8 36 54 50 24 2.8 3 3 2.7 2.6 2.4
  I02 Lower Limb Reduction
Deformities 		123 6 21 33 33 23 1.9 2.2 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.3
  I03a Exomphalos/
Omphalocele 		291 16 63 88 80 34 4.6 5.9 5.3 4.4 4.2 3.3
  I03b Gastroschisis 232 45 77 61 29 12 3.6 16.7 6.5 3.1 1.5 1.2
  I03c Prune Belly Syndrome,
Congenital Hernia of Bladder 		11 1 1 2 3 - 0.2 * * * * -
  I04 Congenital Hip Dislocation 219 10 34 54 63 49 3.4 3.7 2.9 2.7 3.3 4.8
  I05 Diaphragmatic Hernia 284 6 52 80 79 50 4.5 2.2 4.4 4 4.2 4.9
  I99 Other Musculoskeletal
System 		26,540 993 4,294 7,572 7,853 4,662 417.5 368.7 361.5 382 413.3 458.3
J Integument (All) 20,067 892 3,748 5,867 5,792 3,382 315.7 331.2 315.6 296 304.8 332.5
K Chromosomal Anomalies 2,438 73 330 556 639 708 38.4 27.1 27.8 28.1 33.6 69.6
  K01 Trisomy 13 48 1 8 12 13 14 0.8 * * 0.6 0.7 1.4
  K02 Down Syndrome 959 16 86 166 220 408 15.1 5.9 7.2 8.4 11.6 40.1
  K03 Trisomy 18 95 2 10 15 19 44 1.5 * * 0.8 1 4.3
  K99 Other Chromosomal
Anomalies 		1,400 56 240 372 400 267 22 20.8 20.2 18.8 21.1 26.2
L Other and Unspecified
Birth Defects 		11,667 421 1,961 3,500 3,552 2,087 183.5 156.3 165.1 176.6 186.9 205.2
                        

Table 11
Birth Defect Numbers & Prevalence Rates by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and
Age of Mother
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2017 - 2022,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
Six-year Birth Defect Totals & Birth Defect Prevalence Rates
(Continued)

Other Reportable Conditions

  Diagnostic Grouping Number by Age Prevalence Rate by Age
Total 15‑19 20‑24 25‑29 30‑34 35 & Over Total 15‑19 20‑24 25‑29 30‑34 35 & Over
M Infectious Conditions
Occurring in the Perinatal
Period 		545 52 158 139 114 52 8.6 19.3 13.3 7 6 5.1
  M01 Syphilis 157 7 40 54 28 19 2.5 2.6 3.4 2.7 1.5 1.9
  M02 Other Infections 392 45 120 85 88 33 6.2 16.7 10.1 4.3 4.6 3.2
N Familial/Congenital
Neoplasms 		153 9 30 42 33 26 2.4 3.3 2.5 2.1 1.7 2.6
O Endocrine/Metabolic
Disorders 		7,976 339 1429 2,316 2,301 1,280 125.5 125.9 120.3 116.8 121.1 125.8
P Diseases of the Blood
& Blood Forming Organs 		3,359 234 777 1,027 754 385 52.8 86.9 65.4 51.8 39.7 37.8
Q Other Diseases of the
Central and Peripheral
Nervous System 		3,001 139 549 808 771 496 47.2 51.6 46.2 40.8 40.6 48.8
R Other Diseases of the Eye 4,335 176 728 1,167 1,246 737 68.2 65.4 61.3 58.9 65.6 72.5
S Hearing Deficiency 9,209 343 1,555 2,608 2,585 1,607 144.9 127.4 130.9 131.6 136.1 158
T Other Diseases of the
Heart & Circulatory System 		4,628 191 824 1,322 1,297 769 72.8 70.9 69.4 66.7 68.3 75.6
U Other Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal System 		14,525 853 3,192 4,180 3,568 1,988 228.5 316.7 268.8 210.9 187.8 195.4
V Other Diseases of the
Genital and Urinary Systems 		2,660 91 450 770 784 469 41.8 33.8 37.9 38.8 41.3 46.1
X Other Musculoskeletal
System Diseases 		2 - - 2 - - - - - * - -
Y Maternal Exposures
Affecting Fetus 		11,083 474 2,162 3,448 2,880 1,678 174.4 176 182 174 151.6 165
  Y01 Newborn Affected by
Maternal use of Alcohol 		218 7 26 64 61 39 3.4 2.6 2.2 3.2 3.2 3.8
  Y02 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 53 - 2 16 14 10 0.8 - * 0.8 0.7 1
  Y99 Other Maternal Exposures
Affecting the Fetus 		10,908 468 2,140 3,394 2,833 1,650 171.6 173.8 180.2 171.2 149.1 162.2
One or More
Reportable Diagnosis 		 195,849 5,650 24,400 40,173 39,046 22,320 3,081.1 2,098 2,054.4 2,026.8 2,055 2,194.2
                        

Notes:

Mothers' Age: Counts of birth defects for mothers ages 15-19 years old include mothers who were less than 15; Prevalence rates are for mothers less than 19 per 10,000 mothers ages 15-19.

Rates Are Per 10,000 Michigan Born Resident Live Births.  Rates include all children reported with a birth defect who were born in Michigan and whose mother was a resident at the time of birth. This enables the calculation of birth defects prevalence rates. Birth defect statistics sometimes reflect trends related to data reporting or new testing. See Data Quality Considerations for further details.
Symbols: *: Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision. •  -: A dash represents quantity zero. •  0.0: Quanity more than zero but less than 0.05.
Conditions are reportable if identified within the first two years of a child's life. The prevalence frequencies used to calculate the rates in this table represent cases diagnosed within the first year of life.
Prior to October 2015, diagnoses were coded using the 9th revision to the International Classification of Diseases - ICD–9–CM.  (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–9–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) After October 2015, the Birth Defect registry coded diagnoses using ICD–10–CM. (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–10–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) Diagnostic Code Groupings used in analysis of birth defects are defined by the Centers for Disease Control.
Source: Michigan Birth Defects Registry, Division for Vital Records & Health Statistics, Michigan Department of Health & Human Services
Reports Processed through October 28, 2025

Last Updated on November 10th, 2025