Table 9
Birth Defect Numbers & Prevalence Rates by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and
By Race & Hispanic Ancestry of Mother
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2014 - 2019,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
Six-year Birth Defect Totals & Birth Defect Prevalence Rates

Birth Defects

  Diagnostic Grouping Number by Race Prevalence Rate by Race
Total White Black Native
American		 Asian Hispanic Total White Black Native
American		 Asian Hispanic
A Central Nervous System (All) 3,686 2,282 948 9 95 238 55.6 50.2 74.5 26.0 37.1 52.3
  A01 Anencephalus 50 35 8 - 2 5 0.8 0.8 0.6 - * *
  A02 Spina Bifida w/o Anencephaly 260 183 37 - 4 28 3.9 4.0 2.9 - * 6.2
  A03 Hydrocephalus w/o Spina Bifida 481 279 148 2 9 24 7.3 6.1 11.6 * 3.5 5.3
  A04 Encephalocele 70 42 17 - 2 7 1.1 0.9 1.3 - * 1.5
  A05 Microcephalus 1,138 578 413 2 34 66 17.2 12.7 32.5 * 13.3 14.5
  A06 Holoprosencephaly --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
  A99 Other CNS Anomalies 2,276 1,524 468 5 53 153 34.3 33.5 36.8 * 20.7 33.6
B Eye (All) 2,635 1,776 486 4 119 147 39.8 39.0 38.2 * 46.5 32.3
  B01 Anopthalmos
/Micropthalmos 		93 65 20 1 4 2 1.4 1.4 1.6 * * *
  B02 Congenital Cataract 127 79 34 1 3 5 1.9 1.7 2.7 * * *
  B03 Aniridia 23 16 5 - 2 - 0.3 0.4 * - * -
  B99 Other Eye Anomalies 2,492 1,681 450 3 117 142 37.6 36.9 35.4 * 45.7 31.2
C Ear, Face and Neck (All) 2,758 1,666 682 8 88 235 41.6 36.6 53.6 23.1 34.4 51.7
  C01 Anotia/Microtia 146 95 18 1 4 19 2.2 2.1 1.4 * * 4.2
  C99 Other Ear, Face &
Neck Anomalies 		2,717 1,639 680 7 88 228 41.0 36.0 53.4 20.3 34.4 50.1
D Heart & Circulatory System (All) 15,566 9,841 3,834 70 388 998 234.9 216.3 301.3 202.5 151.5 219.4
  D01 Common Truncus 74 37 22 - 3 9 1.1 0.8 1.7 - * 2.0
  D02 Transposition of Great
Vessels 		252 182 42 - 5 16 3.8 4.0 3.3 - * 3.5
  D03 Tetralogy of Fallot 332 211 82 1 10 19 5.0 4.6 6.4 * 3.9 4.2
  D04 Ventricular Septal Defect 3,435 2,286 703 11 88 245 51.8 50.2 55.2 31.8 34.4 53.8
  D05 Atrial Septal Defect 10,009 6,157 2,626 48 248 659 151.1 135.3 206.4 138.9 96.8 144.8
  D06 Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Endocardial Cushion Defect) 347 231 71 2 10 22 5.2 5.1 5.6 * 3.9 4.8
  D07 Pulmonary Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		693 439 180 4 10 44 10.5 9.6 14.1 * 3.9 9.7
  D08 Tricuspid Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		72 48 14 - 2 7 1.1 1.1 1.1 - * 1.5
  D09 Ebstein's Anomaly 35 27 5 1 1 1 0.5 0.6 * * * *
  D10 Aortic Valve Stenosis 148 114 22 2 3 6 2.2 2.5 1.7 * * 1.3
  D11 Hypoplastic Left Heart
Syndrome 		252 175 45 4 4 18 3.8 3.8 3.5 * * 4.0
  D12 Patent Ductus Arteriosis 5,380 3,130 1,624 22 147 328 81.2 68.8 127.6 63.7 57.4 72.1
  D13 Coarctation of Aorta 516 375 91 2 8 28 7.8 8.2 7.2 * 3.1 6.2
  D14 Pulmonary Artery Anomalies 1,187 733 318 2 22 84 17.9 16.1 25.0 * 8.6 18.5
  D15 Interrupted Aortic Arch 36 26 7 2 - - 0.5 0.6 0.6 * - -
  D16 Total Anomalous Pulmonary
Venous Return (or connection) 		73 50 10 - 3 9 1.1 1.1 0.8 - * 2.0
  D17 Double Outlet Right Ventricle 182 107 50 - 5 13 2.7 2.4 3.9 - * 2.9
  D18 Common Ventricel 133 76 38 - 4 11 2.0 1.7 3.0 - * 2.4
  D99 Other Heart &
Circulatory System
Anomalies 		5,361 3,550 1,117 23 147 378 80.9 78.0 87.8 66.6 57.4 83.1
E Respiratory System (All) 3,921 2,321 1,110 13 78 252 59.2 51.0 87.2 37.6 30.4 55.4
  E01 Lung Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		441 269 114 1 9 37 6.7 5.9 9.0 * 3.5 8.1
  E02 Choanal Atresia 118 81 22 1 1 12 1.8 1.8 1.7 * * 2.6
  E99 Other Respiratory
System Anomalies 		3,515 2,064 1,013 11 72 218 53.0 45.4 79.6 31.8 28.1 47.9
F Cleft Palate & Cleft Lip 1,133 831 147 7 33 77 17.1 18.3 11.6 20.3 12.9 16.9
  F01 Cleft Palate 641 452 90 7 16 48 9.7 9.9 7.1 20.3 6.2 10.6
  F02 Cleft Lip w & w/o Cleft Palate 667 488 93 - 20 44 10.1 10.7 7.3 - 7.8 9.7
G Upper Alimentary Caanal/
Digestive System (All) 		3,211 2,276 588 8 67 201 48.5 50.0 46.2 23.1 26.2 44.2
  G01 Esophageal Atresia/
Tracheoesophageal Fistula 		144 110 25 - 5 3 2.2 2.4 2.0 - * *
  G02 Rectal & Large Intestinal
Atresia/Stenosis 		266 190 36 - 13 20 4.0 4.2 2.8 - 5.1 4.4
  G03 Pyloric Stenosis 1,059 792 142 2 12 85 16.0 17.4 11.2 * 4.7 18.7
  G04 Hirshsprung's Disease
(congenital megacolon) 		359 233 83 2 14 21 5.4 5.1 6.5 * 5.5 4.6
  G05 Biliary Atresia 88 45 34 1 2 4 1.3 1.0 2.7 * * *
  G99 Other Upper
Alimentary Canal
/Digestive System Anomalies 		1,675 1,177 332 4 40 88 25.3 25.9 26.1 * 15.6 19.3
H Genital & Urinary Systems 11,445 7,784 2,198 19 353 695 172.7 171.1 172.7 55.0 137.8 152.8
  H01 Renal Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		438 298 98 2 7 18 6.6 6.5 7.7 * 2.7 4.0
  H02 Bladder Exstrophy &
Cloacal Exstrophy 		18 13 2 - - 3 0.3 0.3 * - - *
  H03 Obstructive Genitourinary
Defects 		2,859 2,021 397 7 105 227 43.1 44.4 31.2 20.3 41.0 49.9
  H04 Hypospadias 2,511 1,881 408 3 49 87 37.9 41.3 32.1 * 19.1 19.1
  H05 Epispadias 88 55 27 - 2 3 1.3 1.2 2.1 - * *
  H99 Other Genital
& Urinary System
Anomalies 		7,239 4,710 1,598 13 217 444 109.2 103.5 125.6 37.6 84.7 97.6
I Musculoskeletal System (All) 14,614 9,584 3,196 39 486 863 220.5 210.7 251.2 112.8 189.7 189.7
  I01 Upper Limb Reduction
Deformities 		141 102 28 - 2 9 2.1 2.2 2.2 - * 2.0
  I02 Lower Limb Reduction
Deformities 		130 89 30 - 4 5 2.0 2.0 2.4 - * *
  I03a Exomphalos/
Omphalocele 		240 89 128 - 7 9 3.6 2.0 10.1 - 2.7 2.0
  I03b Gastroschisis 273 196 40 3 4 26 4.1 4.3 3.1 * * 5.7
  I03c Prune Belly Syndrome,
Congenital Hernia of Bladder 		156 88 57 - 3 7 2.4 1.9 4.5 - * 1.5
  I04 Congenital Hip Dislocation 523 384 75 2 13 27 7.9 8.4 5.9 * 5.1 5.9
  I05 Diaphragmatic Hernia 211 147 34 1 4 16 3.2 3.2 2.7 * * 3.5
  I99 Other Musculoskeletal
System 		13,584 8,944 2,920 34 462 805 205.0 196.6 229.5 98.4 180.4 176.9
J Integument (All) 9,226 2,977 4,493 21 687 651 139.2 65.4 353.1 60.8 268.2 143.1
K Chromosomal Anomalies 1,783 1,238 313 6 49 124 26.9 27.2 24.6 17.4 19.1 27.3
  K01 Trisomy 13 40 22 12 - 1 3 0.6 0.5 0.9 - * *
  K02 Down Syndrome 824 557 144 2 24 72 12.4 12.2 11.3 * 9.4 15.8
  K03 Trisomy 18 85 58 18 - 4 3 1.3 1.3 1.4 - * *
  K04 Chromosome 22q11.2
Deletion Syndrome 		70 46 11 1 2 8 1.1 1.0 0.9 * * 1.8
  K05 Turner Syndrome 76 57 10 1 1 2 1.1 1.3 0.8 * * *
  K99 Other Chromosomal
Anomalies 		762 544 133 3 21 43 11.5 12.0 10.5 * 8.2 9.5
L Other and Unspecified
Birth Defects 		17,059 10,317 4,134 59 1,061 1,108 257.4 226.8 324.9 170.7 414.2 243.5
                        

Table 9
Birth Defect Numbers & Prevalence Rates by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and
By Race & Hispanic Ancestry of Mother
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2014 - 2019,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
Six-year Birth Defect Totals & Birth Defect Prevalence Rates
(Continued)

Other Reportable Conditions

  Diagnostic Grouping Number by Race Prevalence Rate by Race
Total White Black Native
American		 Asian Hispanic Total White Black Native
American		 Asian Hispanic
M Infectious Conditions
Occurring in the Perinatal
Period 		377 164 183 1 4 15 5.7 3.6 14.4 * * 3.3
  M01 Syphilis 86 8 68 - 1 5 1.3 0.2 5.3 - * *
  M02 Other Infections 286 150 116 1 3 10 4.3 3.3 9.1 * * 2.2
  M03 Zika Virus Disease 6 6 - - - - 0.1 0.1 - - - -
N Familial/Congenital
Neoplasms 		89 43 35 - 3 6 1.3 0.9 2.8 - * 1.3
O Endocrine/Metabolic
Disorders 		5,296 3,236 1,327 21 237 299 79.9 71.1 104.3 60.8 92.5 65.7
P Diseases of the Blood
& Blood Forming Organs 		2,684 701 1,770 7 51 84 40.5 15.4 139.1 20.3 19.9 18.5
Q Other Diseases of the
Central and Peripheral
Nervous System 		2,781 1,716 725 12 81 156 42.0 37.7 57.0 34.7 31.6 34.3
R Other Diseases of the Eye 3,755 2,479 876 13 87 205 56.7 54.5 68.8 37.6 34.0 45.1
S Hearing Deficiency 5,788 3,172 1,793 11 224 340 87.3 69.7 140.9 31.8 87.4 74.7
T Other Diseases of the
Heart & Circulatory System 		3,020 1,862 811 12 57 200 45.6 40.9 63.7 34.7 22.3 44.0
U Other Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal System 		3,382 2,139 854 11 78 188 51.0 47.0 67.1 31.8 30.4 41.3
V Other Diseases of the
Genital and Urinary Systems 		1,551 1,056 248 1 56 126 23.4 23.2 19.5 * 21.9 27.7
X Other Musculoskeletal
System Diseases 		6 3 3 - - - 0.1 * * - - -
Y Maternal Exposures
Affecting Fetus 		5,588 3,723 1,484 48 20 269 84.3 81.8 116.6 138.9 7.8 59.1
  Y01 Newborn Affected by
Maternal use of Alcohol 		99 49 40 1 - 8 1.5 1.1 3.1 * - 1.8
  Y02 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
  Y99 Other Maternal Exposures
Affecting the Fetus 		5,509 3,683 1,452 46 20 265 83.1 81.0 114.1 133.1 7.8 58.2
One or More
Reportable Diagnosis 		 84,753 50,587 22,748 267 3,351 5,284 1,279.0 1,111.9 1,787.7 772.6 1,308.2 1,161.4
                        

Notes:

Race or Hispanic Ancestry: Race without mention of Hispanic ancestry, or Hispanic ancestry with or without mention of race.

Rates Are Per 10,000 Michigan Born Resident Live Births.  Rates include all children reported with a birth defect who were born in Michigan and whose mother was a resident at the time of birth. This enables the calculation of birth defects prevalence rates. Birth defect statistics sometimes reflect trends related to data reporting or new testing. See Data Quality Considerations for further details.
Symbols: *: Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision. •  -: A dash represents quantity zero. •  0.0: Quanity more than zero but less than 0.05.
Conditions are reportable if identified within the first two years of a child's life. The prevalence frequencies used to calculate the rates in this table represent cases diagnosed within the first year of life.
Prior to October 2015, diagnoses were coded using the 9th revision to the International Classification of Diseases - ICD–9–CM.  (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–9–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) After October 2015, the Birth Defect registry coded diagnoses using ICD–10–CM. (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–10–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) Diagnostic Code Groupings used in analysis of birth defects are defined by the Centers for Disease Control.
Source: Michigan Birth Defects Registry, Division for Vital Records & Health Statistics, Michigan Department of Health & Human Services
Reports Processed through May 28, 2022

Last Updated on May 1, 2022