Michigan Natatilty Statistics

Number of Low Birthweight Live Births by Race & Ancestry of Mother
and Kessner Index
Michigan 2019
Race & Ancestry of Mother	Kessner Index
Race & Ancestry of Mother	Total	Adequate	Intermediate	Inadequate
Total	9,457	5,585	2,433	1,434
White	5,598	3,546	1,349	701
Black	3,110	1,582	907	619
American Indian	54	26	16	12
Asian & Pacific Islander	397	285	79	33
All Other Races	257	122	78	57
Hispanic	596	326	170	100
Mid Easterner	351	203	97	51

Rate of Low Birthweight Live Births by Race & Ancestry of Mother
and Kessner Index
Michigan 2019
Race & Ancestry of Mother	Kessner Index
Race & Ancestry of Mother	Total	Adequate	Intermediate	Inadequate
Total	87.6	74.5	105.0	147.2
White	72.0	62.1	89.3	126.5
Black	145.3	131.2	147.3	194.6
American Indian	88.7	64.7	113.5	181.8
Asian & Pacific Islander	88.0	87.2	85.0	105.4
All Other Races	79.1	62.8	104.7	101.4
Hispanic	78.6	68.8	93.6	97.8
Mid Easterner	72.5	62.2	95.3	91.1

Live Births by Kessner Index
Michigan 2019
Race & Ancestry of Mother	Kessner Index
Race & Ancestry of Mother	Total	Adequate	Intermediate	Inadequate
Total	107,917	74,995	23,164	9,745
White	77,739	57,093	15,100	5,541
Black	21,400	12,058	6,157	3,181
American Indian	609	402	141	66
Asian & Pacific Islander	4,510	3,268	929	313
All Other Races	3,250	1,943	745	562
Hispanic	7,579	4,740	1,816	1,023
Mid Easterner	4,840	3,262	1,018	560

Notes:

Rates are per 1,000 live births.

Kessner Index: The Kessner Index is a classification of prenatal care based on the month of pregnancy in which prenatal care began, the number of prenatal visits and the length of pregnancy (i.e. for shorter pregnancies, fewer prenatal visits constitute adequate care.)

Kessner Index Measurement Definitions:

Adequate: Care that began within the first trimester and included an average of at least one or two additional prenatal visits per month of gestation, depending on the length of gestation.

Intermediate: Care that began during the second trimester of pregnancy with correspondingly fewer visits, or began during the first trimester but with fewer visits than would be appropriate for the length of gestation.

Inadequate: When no care was received or if care began during the third trimester. It is also inadequate if care began during the first or second trimester but less than five visits occurred, when the length of gestation was 34 weeks or more. When the length of gestation was less than 34 weeks, care is defined as inadequate when care began during the first or second trimester but a number of visits less that four occurred, that number depending on the actual weeks of gestation.

Records with unknown level of prenatal care are included only in the total row.

Low Birthweight: Live births weighing less than 2,500 grams.

Source: 2019 Geocoded Michigan Birth Certificate Registry.
Division for Vital Records & Health Statistics, Michigan Department of Health & Human Services